Medicine and Surgery

clinical practice

Basic knowledge of pathophysiology

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Edition Textbook; Current medical diagnosis & treatment. Ed. Piccin

learning assessment

learning assessment

learning assessment

learning assessment

Essential objectives of the internship: to acquire ability and to understand the principal diseases in the field of Infectious Diseases, both in the ward and during the consultation activity. This ability will be: acquire the methodological aspects of the diagnostic principles of diseases, whether the disease is an infection or not; be able to organize the diagnostic plan to get to the diagnosis; be able to perform differential diagnosis by means of critical interpretation of clinical and laboratory data; be able to include the surgery, when indicated, in order to perform source control of the infection; know the principal features of pathogens causing the infection; predispose therapeutic, pharmacological and non-pharmacological plans for both acute and chronic phases of infections; know prevention measures and principles of infection control; know the principal isolation measures in case of transmissible diseases or those caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens. The internship will be made through seminars and attendance in Infectious Diseases wards as well as in outpatient clinic and consultation activity in several Hospital wards such as Internal Medicine, Surgery and Intensive Care Units and Emergency Department. In this way, the student will be able to understand the different intensity of cure and the different typologies of infections (ie, nosocomial infections as ventilator-associated infections in the Intensive Care Units, complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections; bone and joint infections; meningitis and other infections of the central nervous system at the Emergency Room; sepsis and septic shock; differences among pathogens in different settings of cure or community versus nosocomial infections). Furthermore, the student will be able to understand the basis of the clinical methodology to start an appropriate empirical and targeted therapy. During the outpatient activities, the student will be able to deal with patients with chronic infections such as HIV, endovascular infections, prosthetic joint infections, tuberculosis.

The student must have obtained exams in microbiology/virology/parasitology and laboratory medicine

Testi e bibliografia di riferimento - teacher slides - Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Autori John E. Bennett, Raphael Dolin, Martin J. Blaser Editore Elsevier - Health Sciences Division 2019 -Harrison - Manuale di Medicina interna - Edizione 2017 Autori: Fauci - Kasper - Hauser - Longo - Jameson - Loscalzo - Harrison ISBN: 9788808680006

student must be present

assessment of preparation through the performance of a physical examination, compilation of a medical record, clinical reasoning, clinical methodology and therapeutic approach

frontal activity in the ward

The student will attend clinics and medical departments in order to acquire skills regarding: - setting up a diagnostic-therapeutic path - recognition of priority and appropriateness in diagnostic-therapeutic interventions - interpretation of instrumental tests - patient’s management

The student must know: - the main organ pathologies - the main signs and symptoms of diseases - collect a complete medical history - being able to perform a complete physical examination - perform an electrocardiogram

Harrison 's Principles of Internal Medicine ( 2 Volumes ) di Harrison - Loscalzo - Fauci - Kasper - Hauser - Longo - Jameson • 2022 SIMI (Societa' Italiana di Medicina Interna ) Handbook - Terapia medica di Corazza - Perticone - Pietrangelo - SIMI • 2022 Kumar and Clark’ s Medicina interna di Feather - Randall - Waterhouse - Kumar - Clark • 2024 Algoritmi diagnostico - terapeutici in medicina interna. Autori:Violi. Editore:Edra - Masson. Volume:Unico. Edizione:2021

Attending outpatients clinics and medical departments

Mandatory

The student will be evaluated during the practical activities

2020 Guidelines for Management of Atrial Fibrillation ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Atrial-Fibrillation-Management 2019 Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Diabetes-Pre-Diabetes-and-Cardiovascular-Diseases-developed-with-the-EASD 2019 Guidelines on Dyslipidaemias (Management of) ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Dyslipidaemias-Management-of 2019 Guidelines on Acute Pulmonary Embolism (Diagnosis and Management of) ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Acute-Pulmonary-Embolism-Diagnosis-and-Management-of 2018 ESC/ESH Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Arterial-Hypertension-Management-of Guidelines on Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Fourth-Universal-Definition-of-Myocardial-Infarction 2021 Acute and Chronic Heart Failure Guidelines ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Acute-and-Chronic-Heart-Failure

Attending outpatients clinics and medical departments

ECG reading; EGA reading, assisted ventilation techniques (invasive and non-invasive), acute coronary syndromes, management of internal medicine and and specialist emergencies

Basic knowledge of pathophysiology, semeiotics and pharmacology

emergency texts to be defined

learning assessment

learning assessment

verbal multidisciplinary examination

emergency texts to be defined

learning assessment

Contents: Through the discussion of clinical cases at patient's bedside, we will discuss the diagnostic assessment and prognostic stratification of congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism.

Braunwald’s Heart Diseases Hurst's the Heart

Mandatory

The student is able to put into practice the principles of the patient-doctor relationship (medical interview, contact, information, clarity, acquisition of consent) The student is capable to obtain medical history and perform a physical examination in the outpatient context The student has knowledge and capacity to apply the clinical reasoning: to distinguish between primary urgent complaints and secondary problems; to suggest a diagnostic hypothesis and to individualise the diagnostic methods of greater specificity and sensitivity to confirm or reject the hypothesis The student is skilled to interpret the laboratory exams The student is skilled to interpret the medical reports of the diagnostic imaging examinations The student is oriented in decision-making regarding the pharmacological treatment The student is able to compile the report of hospital admission/discharge and to write a discharge letter The student is able to judge the appropriateness of the hospital discharge and to suggest the rehabilitation solutions or recovery in other facilities The student is capable to frame the reason of hospitalisation taking into account possible chronic illnesses, further critical conditions and patient’s frailty The student is able to demonstrate the skills of prevention and sanitary education The student demonstrates the knowledge and awareness of the National Healthcare System and Local Healthcare System The student respects the shift schedule, wears appropriate clothes and is well-equipped The student shows knowledge and awareness of the department (or clinic) The student interacts in an appropriate manner with the medical personnel, nurses and the department technicians The student demonstrates the awareness and knowledge of the different roles of the medical team members The student demonstrates active attitude (makes questions, candidates to perform activities)

Collection of medical history. Objective neurological examination. Prescription and interpretation of instrumental diagnostics. Interpretation of the clinical picture. Prescription of pharmacological therapy.

Know the anatomy and physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system. Pathophysiological bases of nervous system diseases. Basis of neuropharmacology.

Neurologia di Manfredi

Mandatory attendance

Oral exam

In-person examination

• Child health in the world • Basic notions of perinatal medicine • Basic notions of neonatology • Growth and physiological development of the child • Vaccinations and vaccination calendar • Congenital heart disease • Arterial hypertension in pediatric and adolescent age • Rheumatic disease • Kawasaki disease • Exanthematous diseases • Kidney and urinary tract disorders (urinary tract infections, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome) • Respiratory disorders (bronchial asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis) • Gastrointestinal disorders (gastroesophageal reflux, celiac disease, chronic intestinal diseases) • Diabetes • Neurological disorders (febrile convulsions, childhood epilepsies) • Genetic syndromes (Down syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Williams syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome)

The student, in order to understand the contents of the course and to achieve the learning objectives, must possess the basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the child.

Manuale di pediatria – T. Lissauer, W. Carroll – Editore: Edra – 2018 Pediatria generale e specialistica – A. Staiano, S. Esposito, N. Principi, A. Rubino – Editore: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana – III edizione 2022.

Mandatory attendance

Oral exam

The course includes frontal lessons in the classroom where the treated topics will be presented and discussed with the students.