European studies

Educational objectives

Course Description – "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law"

The course "Artificial Intelligence, Privacy and Private Law" provides students with the necessary tools to understand the interactions between intelligent technologies, privacy protection, and private law, through an interdisciplinary approach focused on the critical analysis of emerging legal challenges.
1. Knowledge and Understanding
Students will acquire an integrated understanding of the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence, the right to personal data protection (particularly the GDPR), and the core categories of private law as they apply to digital contexts. The course also explores theoretical and systemic implications of deploying intelligent technologies within legal relationships.
2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding
Students will be able to apply acquired legal tools to analyze real-world cases where AI impacts fundamental rights and private law relations, such as automated decision-making, profiling, and the use of personal data in digital contracts. They will also develop the ability to identify and assess emerging regulatory challenges.
3. Making Judgements
Students will develop the capacity to formulate autonomous and well-reasoned critical judgments regarding the adequacy of existing legal norms, the compatibility between emerging technologies and legal principles, and the identification of appropriate regulatory responses. Ethical implications of technological choices in the legal domain will also be considered.
4. Communication Skills
Students will be able to clearly and rigorously communicate complex legal arguments, both orally and in writing, addressing both specialist and non-specialist audiences (e.g., engineers, legal professionals, policymakers, or the general public).
5. Learning Skills
The course fosters independent and interdisciplinary learning skills, enabling students to critically and proactively follow the evolving legal and technological landscape concerning AI, privacy, and private law, both in academic and professional contexts.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and ability to understand: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of administrative law, in a comparative and European perspecrive.

Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics characterising administrative law and administration, also in the comparative and European context, and to be able to analyse and solve legal problems and disputes regardin the application of administrative law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private subjects in administrative proceedings and processes.

Autonomy of judgement: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous ability to analyse administrative law in a sufficiently autonomous manner, in the light of constitutional principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational case law.

Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student should be able to explain the main topic of administrative law in an adequate manner, being able to autonomously make logical-legal connections within the subjects, using appropriate legal language.

Learning ability: at the end of the course, the expected result is that the student will be able to
continue the study of administrative law.

Educational objectives

The internships and traineeships component of the European Studies program is designed to achieve the following learning objectives:
Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics of European integration through direct experience in institutions, organizations, or companies operating in the European context
Develop the ability to apply the interdisciplinary skills acquired during the program in real professional settings, with a focus on analytical, managerial, communicative, and problem-solving tasks
Foster independent judgment and critical thinking in evaluating the activities and processes observed during the internship experience
Enhance communication skills, including foreign language proficiency, through interaction in international or multicultural work environments
Support lifelong learning and professional development by encouraging autonomy in task execution and critical reflection on the internship experience

Educational objectives

Participation in seminars, conferences, and professional training courses is an integral part of the European Studies program, aimed at broadening and consolidating students' interdisciplinary knowledge while fostering engagement with the research community, European institutions, and professional practices. Specifically, this activity aims to:
Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics that characterize European integration through direct interaction with experts and professionals in the field.
Develop the ability to apply theoretical concepts learned in the course to real-world contexts, analyzing case studies, policy papers, institutional experiences, and European governance practices.
Foster autonomy of judgment by encouraging critical reflection on diverse approaches, perspectives, and analytical tools, and by promoting the development of well-reasoned, personal viewpoints.
Enhance communication skills, particularly in professional and academic international settings, through active participation in debates, questions, presentations, and networking opportunities.
Support lifelong learning skills by encouraging students to remain open and curious about the evolving European context, and to continuously update their knowledge.

Educational objectives

The internships and traineeships component of the European Studies program is designed to achieve the following learning objectives:
Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics of European integration through direct experience in institutions, organizations, or companies operating in the European context
Develop the ability to apply the interdisciplinary skills acquired during the program in real professional settings, with a focus on analytical, managerial, communicative, and problem-solving tasks
Foster independent judgment and critical thinking in evaluating the activities and processes observed during the internship experience
Enhance communication skills, including foreign language proficiency, through interaction in international or multicultural work environments
Support lifelong learning and professional development by encouraging autonomy in task execution and critical reflection on the internship experience

Educational objectives

Participation in seminars, conferences, and professional training courses is an integral part of the European Studies program, aimed at broadening and consolidating students' interdisciplinary knowledge while fostering engagement with the research community, European institutions, and professional practices. Specifically, this activity aims to:
Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics that characterize European integration through direct interaction with experts and professionals in the field.
Develop the ability to apply theoretical concepts learned in the course to real-world contexts, analyzing case studies, policy papers, institutional experiences, and European governance practices.
Foster autonomy of judgment by encouraging critical reflection on diverse approaches, perspectives, and analytical tools, and by promoting the development of well-reasoned, personal viewpoints.
Enhance communication skills, particularly in professional and academic international settings, through active participation in debates, questions, presentations, and networking opportunities.
Support lifelong learning skills by encouraging students to remain open and curious about the evolving European context, and to continuously update their knowledge.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding skills: Knowledge of the main features of the topic. Applied knowledge and understanding: Develop critical and interpretation skills. Autonomy of judgment: Ability to critically address key issues of the topic.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of commercial law in the European context.

Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the lessons is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics that characterize commercial law and company administration, in the European context and that he is able to analyze and resolve legal problems and disputes relating to the application of commercial and financial law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private individuals in the conclusion of contracts.

Autonomy of judgment: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous capacity for analysis of commercial law, in the light of constitutional and codified principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational jurisprudential decisions.

Communication skills: at the end of the course the student must be able to adequately explain the notions of commercial law learned, being able to independently make logical-legal connections within the subject, with an appropriate legal language.

Learning ability: at the end of the course the expected result is that the student will be able to continue the study of European commercial law.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding: solid basic training.
Applied knowledge and understanding: problem solving skills.
Autonomy of judgment: ability to analyze and evaluate.
Communication: ability to interact.
Ability to learn: good study methodology.

Educational objectives

The course aims at introducing students to the study of comparative law, paying particular attention to the methodological premises and the practical goals and, among the latter, to the pivotal role it plays with respect to the process of harmonization of private law at both European and global levels.
Students will be introduced to the usefulness of legal comparison as a tool to understand the complexity of the contemporary legal landscape, characterized by the interaction between sources of law operating at different levels and by cross-fertilization among various legal traditions. The course also intends to stimulate a better and more critical understanding by students of their own legal system through the comparison with foreign experiences.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding
Critical knowledge of the core subjects related to the course, in both international and national law perspective, in a systematic perspective. Knowledge and understanding of the economic ratio behind the issues covered, taking into account the international debate and the political-economic implications.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Ability to apply knowledge acquired during the course in order to analyse and discuss controversial cases in a consistent way.
Making judgements
Improvement of the ability to understand and critically assess the core subjects related to the course, considering also the political-economic implications; ability to connect, in a consistent way, the different issues examined in the course.
Communication skills
Improvement of the ability to describe and discuss, in a clear and appropriate legal language, the core subjects and the controversial issues of international contracts law.
Learning skills
Improvement of the ability to study in an independent and critical way.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of how international law addresses global challenges such as climate change, migration, and pandemics. Students will acquire the ability to identify the functions and limitations of international law with respect to current global challenges and to understand the different types of international legal instruments and their implications and relevance in different contexts.
It is a 6-credit course designed to complement and supplement the 9-credit basic course in international law. Therefore, students cannot take this exam without first passing the International Law exam (9 credits). Current issues will be addressed in light of the knowledge already acquired in the 9-credit international law course.

Educational objectives

By the end of the Fundamental Rights Course, students should be able to place the protection of rights in a close relationship with powers (Art. 16 Declaration of Human Rights 1789) and be able to understand the differences between constitutional, supranational and international protection.
In other words, a critical approach to the protection of rights is favored, including considering the different effects of the protection provided by the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the constitutional protection that is the one most closely linked to a country's historical identity.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is for students to acquire the knowledge necessary to critically analyse the legal issues concerning the constitutional status of foreigners, fundamental rights and duties of migrants and asylum seekers, as well as EU and Italian migration/asylum law. These issues will be analysed in order to highlight the peculiar legal problems related to the intertwining of constitutional principles and national legislation, on the one hand, and constraints arising from European Union law, international law, and the European Convention on Human Rights, on the other hand.
To this purpose, preference will be given to historical and comparative analysis, which will allow students to acquire, also through interactive learning methods, the necessary legal language and presentation skills.

Educational objectives

The internships and traineeships component of the European Studies program is designed to achieve the following learning objectives:
Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics of European integration through direct experience in institutions, organizations, or companies operating in the European context
Develop the ability to apply the interdisciplinary skills acquired during the program in real professional settings, with a focus on analytical, managerial, communicative, and problem-solving tasks
Foster independent judgment and critical thinking in evaluating the activities and processes observed during the internship experience
Enhance communication skills, including foreign language proficiency, through interaction in international or multicultural work environments
Support lifelong learning and professional development by encouraging autonomy in task execution and critical reflection on the internship experience

Educational objectives

Participation in seminars, conferences, and professional training courses is an integral part of the European Studies program, aimed at broadening and consolidating students' interdisciplinary knowledge while fostering engagement with the research community, European institutions, and professional practices. Specifically, this activity aims to:
Strengthen knowledge and understanding of the political, economic, legal, and cultural dynamics that characterize European integration through direct interaction with experts and professionals in the field.
Develop the ability to apply theoretical concepts learned in the course to real-world contexts, analyzing case studies, policy papers, institutional experiences, and European governance practices.
Foster autonomy of judgment by encouraging critical reflection on diverse approaches, perspectives, and analytical tools, and by promoting the development of well-reasoned, personal viewpoints.
Enhance communication skills, particularly in professional and academic international settings, through active participation in debates, questions, presentations, and networking opportunities.
Support lifelong learning skills by encouraging students to remain open and curious about the evolving European context, and to continuously update their knowledge.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding
- The student should demonstrate that he/she has acquired a basic knowledge of the main legal concepts of international law and a correct methodology of study of the subject.
Applying Knowledge and understanding
- The student should demonstrate that he/she can apply the knowledge he/she has acquired to concrete contexts and specific cases concerning international relations; that he/she can identify international rules and their content, determine the consequences of possible violations and assess the effects of international rules on domestic law.
Making judgement
- the student should demonstrate that he/she can discuss concrete cases and qualify the conduct of the parties concerned in the light of international law and that he/she is able to take reasoned and legally tenable positions concerning the main current international issues
Communication skills
- The student should demonstrate his/her ability to express the notions acquired with argumentative consistency, logical-systematic rigour, and language skills
Learning skills
- The student must demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to independently further the study of specific problems relating to international law

Educational objectives

By the end of the Fundamental Rights Course, students should be able to place the protection of rights in a close relationship with powers (Art. 16 Declaration of Human Rights 1789) and be able to understand the differences between constitutional, supranational and international protection.
In other words, a critical approach to the protection of rights is favored, including considering the different effects of the protection provided by the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights and the constitutional protection that is the one most closely linked to a country's historical identity.

Educational objectives

The aim of the course is for students to acquire the knowledge necessary to critically analyse the legal issues concerning the constitutional status of foreigners, fundamental rights and duties of migrants and asylum seekers, as well as EU and Italian migration/asylum law. These issues will be analysed in order to highlight the peculiar legal problems related to the intertwining of constitutional principles and national legislation, on the one hand, and constraints arising from European Union law, international law, and the European Convention on Human Rights, on the other hand.
To this purpose, preference will be given to historical and comparative analysis, which will allow students to acquire, also through interactive learning methods, the necessary legal language and presentation skills.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and ability to understand: the aim of the course is to provide students with an adequate knowledge of administrative law, in a comparative and European perspecrive.

Applied knowledge and understanding: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student is able to understand the main dynamics characterising administrative law and administration, also in the comparative and European context, and to be able to analyse and solve legal problems and disputes regardin the application of administrative law, also with a view to ensuring adequate protection of private subjects in administrative proceedings and processes.

Autonomy of judgement: the expected result at the end of the course is that the student has developed a sufficiently autonomous ability to analyse administrative law in a sufficiently autonomous manner, in the light of constitutional principles, as well as the most relevant national and supranational case law.

Communication skills: at the end of the course, the student should be able to explain the main topic of administrative law in an adequate manner, being able to autonomously make logical-legal connections within the subjects, using appropriate legal language.

Learning ability: at the end of the course, the expected result is that the student will be able to
continue the study of administrative law.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of how international law addresses global challenges such as climate change, migration, and pandemics. Students will acquire the ability to identify the functions and limitations of international law with respect to current global challenges and to understand the different types of international legal instruments and their implications and relevance in different contexts.
It is a 6-credit course designed to complement and supplement the 9-credit basic course in international law. Therefore, students cannot take this exam without first passing the International Law exam (9 credits). Current issues will be addressed in light of the knowledge already acquired in the 9-credit international law course.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding
Critical knowledge of the core subjects related to the course, in both international and national law perspective, in a systematic perspective. Knowledge and understanding of the economic ratio behind the issues covered, taking into account the international debate and the political-economic implications.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Ability to apply knowledge acquired during the course in order to analyse and discuss controversial cases in a consistent way.
Making judgements
Improvement of the ability to understand and critically assess the core subjects related to the course, considering also the political-economic implications; ability to connect, in a consistent way, the different issues examined in the course.
Communication skills
Improvement of the ability to describe and discuss, in a clear and appropriate legal language, the core subjects and the controversial issues of international contracts law.
Learning skills
Improvement of the ability to study in an independent and critical way.

Educational objectives

Course Description
The course aims to introduce students to the main international economic issues, providing the most important theoretical elements for understanding the determinants and evolution of the growing process of international integration. Particular emphasis is placed on the dynamics of international trade and production and the macroeconomic principles that govern open economies, i.e., economies that have international relations with other countries. The course analyses how these elements interact and influence the global economic landscape.

The course contributes to the development of the five Dublin Descriptors as follows:

1. Knowledge and Understanding

At the end of the course, students will:

Possess a solid understanding of key theories in international trade (e.g., comparative advantage, Heckscher-Ohlin, new trade theories) and international production.
Understand the functioning of open economy macroeconomics, including exchange rate regimes, balance of payments, and international monetary policy.
Be able to identify the main actors and institutions involved in global economic governance (e.g., WTO, IMF, World Bank, regional trade agreements).
Be familiar with the causes and consequences of globalization and economic integration.
2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding

Students will be able to:

Apply theoretical tools to analyze and interpret international trade and FDI patterns.
Evaluate the impact of international economic policies on national and global outcomes.
Assess the implications of trade agreements, tariffs, and trade barriers for businesses and governments.
Use international economic models to interpret real-world events and inform decision-making in corporate and policy contexts.
3. Making Judgements

Students will:

Develop critical thinking skills to assess the effectiveness of international economic policies and strategies.
Be able to evaluate different perspectives on issues such as protectionism, globalization, and sustainable development.
Formulate informed opinions based on data and theoretical analysis.
4. Communication Skills

Students will:

Be able to effectively communicate economic concepts and arguments in English, both orally and in writing.
Learn to structure and present analysis on international economic topics to a variety of audiences, including academics, business stakeholders, and policy professionals.
5. Learning Skills

Students will:

Acquire the ability to autonomously expand their knowledge in international economics through further reading, data analysis, and policy evaluation.
Develop the skills to undertake advanced studies or professional development in related areas such as international business, development economics, and global finance.