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Religions in German Idealism Ever since the rise of the philosophy of religion in the Idealist age, the study of historical religions, even when, as in Kant’s "Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason", historical faith is traced back to purely rational faith, has involved some comparative considerations and reflections: comparison between the natural and moral roots of religions, between polytheism and monotheism, comparison in terms of convergences and differences between different historical religions. The module will start from one of the most articulate and comprehensive places of this comparison in the first decade of the nineteenth century, the chapter devoted to religion in Hegel’s "Phenomenology of Spirit", in which Christianity, as the fulfillment of religion, is treated from the so-called natural religion (religions of the East, India and ancient Egypt) and the comparison with the religion in the form of art, that is, the complex of Greek civilization. In the second part of the module, also through individual and group insights of the participants, the Hegelian position will be compared with several other modes of comparison, represented by the set of other textual choices in the program

The lecture requires a preparation corresponding at the bachelor degree in philosophy or anyway philosophical knowledge at academic level

G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia dello spirito" (any printed or digital edition: G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia dello spirito", a cura di V. Cicero, Bompiani, Milano; G.W.F. Hegel, "La fenomenologia dello spirito", a cura di G. Garelli, Einaudi, Torino; G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia dello spirito", a cura di E. De Negri, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma), chapter VII. One of the following texts: a) I. Kant, "La religione entro i limiti della sola ragione" (any edition: I. Kant, "La religione entro i limiti della sola ragione", a cura di M.M. Olivetti, Laterza, Roma-Bari; I. Kant, "Critica della ragione pratica e altri scritti morali", a cura di P. Chiodi, UTET), chapter III; b) F.D.E. Schleiermacher, "Sulla religione. Discorsi a quelle persone colte che la disprezzano", in F.D.E. Schleiermacher, "Scritti di filosofia e religione 1792-1806", a cura di D. Bondì, con testo tedesco a fronte, Giunti-Bompiani, Firenze-Milano 2021, Fifth Speech; c) F.W.J. Schelling, "Lezioni sul metodo dello studio accademico", a cura di F. Palchetti, Orthotes Editrice, Napoli-Salerno 2024, Lectures 7-9; d) J. Görres, "Glauben und Wissen", Scherer, München 1805 (original version downloadable for free from books.google.it), p. 1-18

Attending the course is highly recommended

The exam will consist of a written and an oral part. Students are required to submit a written essay on a topic of their choice relating to the course or to the program of the exam, to be agreed with the teacher and to be delivered in its final version at least five days before the exam. The oral part will focus on the discussion of the written essay and the program of the exam. The final assessment will include the grade given to the essay and its discussion during the exam, and the grade on the oral exam on the different parts of the program. The final evaluation considers the test passed (at least 18/30) if some elements of the basic and specific objectives (knowledge, understanding, ability to communicate what has been learned, critical and judgmental abilities also with respect to one’s own written elaboration, elements of highly specialized philosophical vocabulary) are achieved, passed with a medium-high level of grade if the basic and specific objectives are achieved but with some gap in the specific ones (e.g., not fully mastering all the studied contexts, or all the different lexicons, or some forms of their expression, written and oral), passed at the highest level if all objectives are fully achieved, including full autonomy of study and use in written and oral form of sources and supporting literature and with particular brilliance and confidence in critical and judgement skills

Frontal teaching in the classroom with framing of the texts and problems dealt with on a theoretical and historical-philosophical level. In-depth study, both individually and in groups, of the optional texts and their presentation and discussion in seminar form

Religions in German Idealism Ever since the rise of the philosophy of religion in the Idealist age, the study of historical religions, even when, as in Kant’s "Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason", historical faith is traced back to purely rational faith, has involved some comparative considerations and reflections: comparison between the natural and moral roots of religions, between polytheism and monotheism, comparison in terms of convergences and differences between different historical religions. The module will start from one of the most articulate and comprehensive places of this comparison in the first decade of the nineteenth century, the chapter devoted to religion in Hegel’s "Phenomenology of Spirit", in which Christianity, as the fulfillment of religion, is treated from the so-called natural religion (religions of the East, India and ancient Egypt) and the comparison with the religion in the form of art, that is, the complex of Greek civilization. In the second part of the module, also through individual and group insights of the participants, the Hegelian position will be compared with several other modes of comparison, represented by the set of other textual choices in the program

The lecture requires a preparation corresponding at the bachelor degree in philosophy or anyway philosophical knowledge at academic level

G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia dello spirito" (any printed or digital edition: G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia dello spirito", a cura di V. Cicero, Bompiani, Milano; G.W.F. Hegel, "La fenomenologia dello spirito", a cura di G. Garelli, Einaudi, Torino; G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia dello spirito", a cura di E. De Negri, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Roma), chapter VII. One of the following texts: a) I. Kant, "La religione entro i limiti della sola ragione" (any edition: I. Kant, "La religione entro i limiti della sola ragione", a cura di M.M. Olivetti, Laterza, Roma-Bari; I. Kant, "Critica della ragione pratica e altri scritti morali", a cura di P. Chiodi, UTET), chapter III; b) F.D.E. Schleiermacher, "Sulla religione. Discorsi a quelle persone colte che la disprezzano", in F.D.E. Schleiermacher, "Scritti di filosofia e religione 1792-1806", a cura di D. Bondì, con testo tedesco a fronte, Giunti-Bompiani, Firenze-Milano 2021, Fifth Speech; c) F.W.J. Schelling, "Lezioni sul metodo dello studio accademico", a cura di F. Palchetti, Orthotes Editrice, Napoli-Salerno 2024, Lectures 7-9; d) J. Görres, "Glauben und Wissen", Scherer, München 1805 (original version downloadable for free from books.google.it), p. 1-18

Attending the course is highly recommended

The exam will consist of a written and an oral part. Students are required to submit a written essay on a topic of their choice relating to the course or to the program of the exam, to be agreed with the teacher and to be delivered in its final version at least five days before the exam. The oral part will focus on the discussion of the written essay and the program of the exam. The final assessment will include the grade given to the essay and its discussion during the exam, and the grade on the oral exam on the different parts of the program. The final evaluation considers the test passed (at least 18/30) if some elements of the basic and specific objectives (knowledge, understanding, ability to communicate what has been learned, critical and judgmental abilities also with respect to one’s own written elaboration, elements of highly specialized philosophical vocabulary) are achieved, passed with a medium-high level of grade if the basic and specific objectives are achieved but with some gap in the specific ones (e.g., not fully mastering all the studied contexts, or all the different lexicons, or some forms of their expression, written and oral), passed at the highest level if all objectives are fully achieved, including full autonomy of study and use in written and oral form of sources and supporting literature and with particular brilliance and confidence in critical and judgement skills

Frontal teaching in the classroom with framing of the texts and problems dealt with on a theoretical and historical-philosophical level. In-depth study, both individually and in groups, of the optional texts and their presentation and discussion in seminar form