Oriental Languages and Cultures

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General educational objectives: the course aims to convey the fundamental elements for a thorough knowledge of the course theme as a historical and cultural structuring phenomenon of the development of the contemporary Arab world from the late nineteenth century to today, framing it in the knowledge of the development of the phenomenon as a global phenomenon.
Specific educational objectives: upon completion of the course the student will acquire the following knowledge and skills: 1) knowledge of the historical, social and cultural dynamics of the course theme at the global level and at the Arab world level, and their main scientific interpretations; 2) ability to place the developments of the phenomenon object of the course both within a broader framework of historical dynamics, as well as in the specific framework of the contemporary history of the Arab countries; 3) ability to read and analyze critical and interpretative texts of the course theme and its primary historical documents, both in Arabic and in translation (French and / or English); 4) ability to present orally and in writing a topic related to the phenomenon under study, also based on oral and written exercises; 5) ability to continue the study independently, also based on exercises related to the elaboration of research studies.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with tools of knowledge and understanding of historical phenomena of the Islamic Middle Ages that will be illustrated a) in their strictly cultural dimension; b) as forms of premodern affirmation of some specific features of modernity; c) as a cultural heritage transmitted to the West. The course aims to develop the ability to understand some specificities of Islamic classical culture and, at the same time, to elaborate terms of comparison with similar historical and cultural experiences of the Latin Middle Ages.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding: This course will introduce students to the study of the Ottoman Empire, from its inception as a frontier principality in the late 13th century through its many transformations as one the largest and most-long lasting empires in world history, until its demise in the 20th century. This course, through different theoretical approaches and discussing also primary sources in translation, will help the students to overcome the established Eurocentric narratives on the Ottoman Empire, focusing, in particular, on its legacy for contemporary Middle East, North Africa and Europe.
Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will be able to analyze the rise and the evolution of the Ottoman empire in the broader context of world history while examining its peculiarities and the reasons that determined the emergence of a Eurocentric narrative on the Ottomans. They will also be able to have a more in-depth knowledge of the historiographical debates that concern various aspects of the study of Ottoman history.
Making judgements: Students will be able to analyze critically the knowledge they have acquired and formulate their own judgments. These skills will be built up also through promoting independent and collaborative learning activities such as self-direct learning, written essays, Problem Based Learning (PBS).
Communication skills: the students will learn how to express their ideas clearly and adequately and how to communicate effectively what has been learned. These skills will be enhanced by promoting collaborative learning activities such as Think-Pair-Share (TPS), small discussion groups, simulations, peer reading and peer editing.
Learning skills: the students will learn how to study in a self-directed and autonomous way, understand their shortcomings and conceive and develop a self-learning project within a set time limit. These skills will be enhanced by activities such as flipped classroom, self-evaluation exercises and written essays.

Educational objectives

Aim of the teaching unit is to give students knowledge and comprehension skills in the field of
ISLAMIC ARCHEOLOGY I A, that complete and/or reinforce those acquired in the first grade of studies. Moreover, it will make the students able to approach orginal themes in a research context, making more complex judgments, communicating knowledge and its process, and studying the subject in an independent and self-educational way.

The purpose of the course is a deepening of the archaeological data and sources of the first Islamic period, aimed at the reconstruction of the intended use of the buildings and of the iconographic programs (coinage included).

Educational objectives

The course provides the methodological framework and the historical-critical knowledge necessary for understanding artistic productions and archaeological evidence, with particular reference to the contexts of the Indian Subcontinent and pre-Islamic Central Asia. This knowledge is aimed at developing analytical skills for the accurate interpretation of artefacts, in relation to socio-cultural dynamics and patterns of patronage within specific territories.
Activities designed to foster independent judgement will include the critical analysis of iconographic programmes, the comparison between written sources and material evidence, as well as participation in seminars. Communication skills will be enhanced through individual and group exercises. Teaching strategies, supported by bibliographical resources and digital databases, are geared towards imparting an autonomous research method, useful for further specialised study and for the critical handling of sources.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with advanced knowledge related to the Archaeology of the Preclassic Levant, starting from the history of studies, and their methodological implications and influences in 20th century research, up to the analysis of a monographic topic, such as architecture, material culture, art, technology, funerary contexts, and their historical consequences, through the Bronze and Iron Age, between the 4th and 1st millennium BC, on the basis of up-to-date scientific literature, in line with what is foreseen by the Master’s Degree Course in Oriental Languages and Civilisations.
The course therefore has a historical-archaeological objective, on the one hand, aimed at deepening the knowledge of the Archaeology of the Levant and its socio-cultural dynamics starting from the archaeological evidence, between the Bronze and Iron Ages, by means of the monographic subject and the most recent discoveries, and a methodological objective, on the other, that is, to increase the analytical and critical capabilities of the phenomena studied.
Among the learning outcomes, the student is expected to possess the ability to contextualise the topics dealt with in the course, in space and time, establishing connections and comparisons, with an autonomous reasoning capacity and critical elaboration of the arguments dealt with, mastering the bibliography of reference. This teaching covers topics related to the realisation of Goals 4, 16 and 17 of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide an advanced knowledge of the cultural landscape of ancient Mediterranean with a particular focus on the role of cultural mediators played by the Phoenicians, both in the pre- and post-classical eras. During the lessons, the student will acquire the specific skills and the methodology to formulate a critical thinking, and evaluate issues, developing independent judgments, ideas, problems and original reflections.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

General educational objectives: this course aims to transmit the fundamental elements for an in-depth knowledge of Arab nationalism as a historical and cultural phenomenon that structured the development of the contemporary Arab world from the late nineteenth century to the present, framing it in the knowledge of the development of nationalism as a global phenomenon.
Specific educational objectives: upon completion of the course the student will acquire the following knowledges and skills: 1) knowledge of the political, social and cultural dynamics of the phenomenon of nationalism at the global and Arab level and of their main scientific interpretations; 2) knowledge of the developments of the phenomenon of nationalism in the Arab world both in the specific framework of contemporary history of Arab countries, as well as within a broader framework of global historical dynamics; 3) ability to read and analyze critically interpretative texts about Arab nationalism and its primary historical documents, both in Arabic and in translation (French and / or English); 4) ability to present orally and in writing a topic related to the phenomenon under study, also based on oral and written exercises; 5) ability to continue the study independently, also based on exercises related to the elaboration of research studies.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with tools of knowledge and understanding of historical phenomena of the Islamic Middle Ages that will be illustrated a) in their strictly cultural dimension; b) as forms of premodern affirmation of some specific features of modernity; c) as a cultural heritage transmitted to the West. The course aims to develop the ability to understand some specificities of Islamic classical culture and, at the same time, to elaborate terms of comparison with similar historical and cultural experiences of the Latin Middle Ages.

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is to enable students to develop the following critical and analytical skills:
Ability to critically analyse literary texts and their historical and cultural contexts: students will develop the ability to interpret major works of modern and contemporary Arabic literature by relating textual features to the historical, political, social, and cultural contexts in which they were produced. Particular attention will be paid to the relationship between literary production and broader processes of cultural and intellectual change across the Arab world.
Ability to distinguish between different critical approaches and historiographical perspectives: the course will introduce students to a range of scholarly interpretations of modern and contemporary Arabic literature, encouraging them to compare different theoretical frameworks and critical methodologies.
Ability to engage constructively in scholarly discussion: through seminar discussions, close reading activities, and collaborative classroom work, students will be encouraged to exchange ideas, formulate evidence-based arguments, and engage critically with both primary literary texts and secondary scholarship.
Ability to conduct independent research: students will be encouraged to explore specific authors, literary movements, genres, or themes addressed during the course through independent research. They will develop the ability to identify relevant primary and secondary sources, formulate research questions, and present their findings.

Educational objectives

By the end of this teaching module, students will:
• Achieve preliminary knowledge of the main features of Ancient and Middle Iranian writing systems and languages;
• Understand the function of monumental epigraphy and royal communication in Iranianate contexts;
• Develop skills in the critical analysis of primary Achaemenid and Sasanian epigraphic evidence and their textual content;
• Apply critical assessment of inscription landscapes and their relevance within Cultural Heritage discourses;
• Deliver clear and rigorous presentations of complex topics, engaging critically and constructively with peers during peer review sessions.

Educational objectives

The course in Arabic Dialectology for the Master degree aims at strengthening students’ knowledge of the panorama of Arabic dialects, introducing them to the encounter with the Tunisian variant, for which students are expected to reach level B1.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with an in-depth and critical understanding of the Maghreb cultural space, with particular reference to the contexts of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, considered in their historical, linguistic, and literary dimensions, as well as in their relations with the broader Mediterranean and African spaces. The course is first and foremost designed to equip students with the tools necessary to grasp the historical and cultural complexity of the Maghreb, focusing on the region’s linguistic stratification and on the transformations brought about by colonial and postcolonial experiences. Within this framework, the study of modern and contemporary Maghrebi literatures constitutes a central component of the course, through the analysis of significant authors and texts that address issues such as the construction of national identities, memory, migration, gender, and diasporic dynamics. A further objective is to introduce students to the theoretical and critical frameworks of postcolonial and cultural studies, in order to develop a nuanced reading of literary texts in relation to their historical, political, and social contexts. Particular attention is also devoted to the intercultural and Mediterranean dimension, with the aim of situating the Maghreb within networks of exchange and representation that involve Europe, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa, while interrogating mutual constructions of otherness and the dynamics of migration and diaspora. Finally, the course seeks to foster the development of critical and communicative skills, enhancing students’ ability to analyse complex texts, to construct coherent arguments, and to use bibliographical and methodological tools typical of literary and cultural studies in an informed and rigorous manner.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with the methodological, theoretical, and lexical tools necessary for the study and understanding of the major cultural processes that have characterised Arab modernity from the nineteenth century to the present day. Through the analysis of different types of texts, the course examines the circulation of ideas, texts, and people, with particular attention to the processes of translation, reception, and conceptual re-elaboration that have contributed to the formation of modern and contemporary Arab thought and literature. The course also seeks to explore the mechanisms of cultural and literary canonisation, as well as the ways in which European cultural phenomena have been received, reinterpreted, and transformed within Arab contexts. These dynamics will be analysed within the framework of interactions between the societies of North Africa and South-West Asia and the broader Euro-Mediterranean and Atlantic cultural contexts, highlighting the connections, exchanges, and tensions that have shaped the intellectual history of the region. By the end of the course, students will have acquired the skills necessary to describe and critically interpret the cultural and intellectual processes of Arab modernity, mastering the specialised vocabulary and the key theoretical tools of the field. Students will also develop the ability to undertake independent analysis of primary sources and critical scholarship, thereby consolidating skills useful for further research and advanced study in the field of modern and contemporary Arab studies.

Educational objectives

The course focuses on general aspects of the Akkadian language, specifically on the Old Babylonian dialect (XVIII-XV centuries BCE). The main features of Akkadian phonetics, morphology, and syntax will be studied during the course. Students attending the course and preparing for the exam should develop the necessary skills to read and translate Akkadian texts, as well as to conduct philological analysis. Additionally, students will receive an introduction to the basics of cuneiform writing. The skills acquired during the course will complement and enhance those gained in other courses on Near Eastern languages and literature within the undergraduate program.
Throughout the lessons, or via textbook readings and supplementary materials, students will engage in the analysis of various features of the Akkadian language through exercises and texts drawn from legal documents, contracts, letters, and so on.
The course aims to equip students with the following competencies: general knowledge of the Akkadian language, including its historical and geographical context; skills related to source analysis and evaluation; understanding of Akkadian phonetics, grammar, and syntax; proficiency in translating and analyzing Akkadian texts; critical thinking skills, enabling students to integrate acquired knowledge and actively engage with course material; self-directed learning abilities, supported by recommended bibliographic resources and discussions during lessons; competence in independently consulting reference materials and secondary literature, conducting personal research, and applying a critical approach to scholarly work.

Educational objectives

The growth of cities is one of the key features of our times. Today more than half of the world population lives in cities, and Africa have sustained decades of rapid and sustained urbanisation. This course will explore a) the key academic debates on the relationship between cities and development in Africa; b) the key factors driving the growth of cities in
Africa, from colonial times to the present and c) its implications for development.
The module will expose students to a number of theoretical approaches to the “urban” in Africa. This will include a review of political economy and dystopic narratives on the city, with their emphasis on inadequate services and lack of jobs as distinctive of urban settings in Africa, alongside that of postcolonial narratives on cities in the South, and their call to understand urban cities of the South “beyond development”. Central to their review will be attention to their disagreement on whether capitalism, development (or lack of development) is a useful entry point to understand the urban experience in Africa.
By the end of the module students will be able to command and demonstrate the following knowledge and skills:
 an historical and critical understanding of debates about cities, urbanisation and development in Africa;
 the policy implications of academic debates about cities and development, through detailed engagement with both the academic literature and policy debates on Africa; the diversity and similarities of cities in African countries;
 ability to handle complex ideas and express their own view, both orally and in a written form, in a structured and clear way.

Educational objectives

The growth of cities is one of the key features of our times. Today more than half of the world population lives in cities, and Africa have sustained decades of rapid and sustained urbanisation. This course will explore a) the key academic debates on the relationship between cities and development in Africa; b) the key factors driving the growth of cities in
Africa, from colonial times to the present and c) its implications for development. The module will expose students to a number of theoretical approaches to the “urban” in Africa. This will include a review of political economy and dystopic narratives on the city, with their emphasis on inadequate services and lack of jobs as distinctive of urban settings in Africa, alongside that of postcolonial narratives on cities in the South, and their call to understand urban cities of the South “beyond development”. Central to their review will be attention to their disagreement on whether capitalism, development (or lack of development) is a useful entry point to understand the urban experience in Africa.
By the end of the module students will be able to command and demonstrate the following knowledge and skills:
 an historical and critical understanding of debates about cities, urbanisation and development in Africa;
 the policy implications of academic debates about cities and development, through detailed engagement with both the academic literature and policy debates on Africa;
 the diversity and similarities of cities in African countries;
 ability to handle complex ideas and express their own view, both orally and in a written form, in a structured and clear way.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course "Africa and its diasporas" aims to study African/Asian/Middle Eastern
forms of mobility, Africa/Europe, as part of past and contemporary transnational migratory
processes. It will present students with case studies of mobility, past and present, and of
forms of circular and outreach migrations. It will analyse diasporic processes of individual,
families and groups as rationally-motivated strategies to face hardships and politically and
culturally hostile environments. The students will be asked to understand transnational
mobility through relevant area literatures, films and self-narratives. The aim is to help
students make their own assessments of migration and diasporic movements, through an in-
depth immersion in this multidisciplinary field of study.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

In consistency with the educational purposes of the whole teaching course, aim of the teaching unit is to give students knowledge and comprehension skills in the field of
EPIGRAPHY AND SEMITIC PHILOLOGY, that complete and/or reinforce those acquired in the first grade of studies. Moreover, it will make the students able to approach orginal themes in a research context, making more complex judgments, communicating knowledge and its process, and studying the subject in an independent and self-educational way. Knowledge of the epigraphic evidence and of its historical and philological problems in the context of the ancient Near East. Ability to analyze such documents.

Educational objectives

Given for granted some basic and indispensable goals commonly shared by the Master in Philosophy, the course intends to attain the following specific objectives: Knowledge and ability to understand (Dublin descriptor A): detailed and articulated knowledge of a philosophical problem in historical perspective; in-depth knowledge of a philosophical period and context with a focus on the long-term nature of the issues addressed; knowledge of key concepts and terms, even very technical ones, in historical perspective. Application skills (descriptor B): ability to understand and to interpret classic texts of the discipline, also with evaluation of the problems of translation; ability of deep historical analysis and of mature and personal theoretical criticism of texts. Autonomy of judgement (descriptor C): ability to reconstruct in detail a historical-philosophical context; ability to argue and gain a personal perspective on the subject in question (also through active participation in seminars). Communication skills (descriptor D): ability to use a technical vocabulary, even a very specifical one; ability to argue with property of language on the topics treated. Learning ability (descriptor E): ability to deepen the issues also in a very personal, autonomous and original way (through personal bibliographic research, specific insights etc...).

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course aims to give students a foundational understanding of contemporary Chinese culture. The characteristics of Chinese culture in a diachronic and synchronic dimension will be identified through the reading of essays, the analysis of documentary material (movies and television series).
At the end of the course, the student will be able to understand and interpret cultural aspects of contemporary Chinese society, identifying distinctive novelties and legacies of tradition. He or she will also be able to choose and consult a secondary bibliography useful for individual research work; and he or she will have improved his or her Chinese language abilities.

Educational objectives

The course aims to improve students’ knowledge of grammar and sintax of classical Chinese language, and to improve students’ translation abilities.
At the end of the course, students will be able to undertake reading and translation of ancient Chinese texts, and moreover to use hermeneutic tools related to this topic in order to carry out independent translation and research.

Educational objectives

This course aims at developing research skills in Sinology by introducing students to all the major sources and reference tools in philological and historical research. Through weekly exercises, the course aims at developing students' ability in identifying and locating primary sources, as well as increasing their confidence in using the appropriate reference tools, repertoires and dictionaries.
This course also aims at developing students' communication skills through in-class discussions on the different topics tackled every week.

Educational objectives

General aims: the course aims to provide students with an in-depth study of the political and institutional history of the People's Republic of China, starting from the period following Mao Zedong’s death until late 1990s. It will pay particular attention to the different phases of the reforms and to the evolution of the relationship between Party-State and urban and rural society.
Specific aims: a knowledge of the political, social and cultural dynamics of the period under study; the ability to contextualize single events within a broader framework of historical dynamics; the ability to deal with critical and interpretative literature on the basis of notions taught by the teacher; the ability to discuss or to submit papers about the period under study and to continue the study autonomously also on the basis of exercises related to the drafting of research programs.

Educational objectives

Acquire specific knowledge on the theme of the course and on the main historiographical issues concerning modern and contemporary East Asia. Improve linguistic skills and broaden the knowledge of the terminology related to the different countries of East Asia. Being able to place, in a wider historical context (diachronic and synchronic), the specific knowledge acquired, connecting the various historical events and phenomena in a comparative manner, also through a reflection on the preconditions and the effects of historical phenomena. Stimulate the ability to formulate evaluations and interpretations on the topics dealt with, through specific activities in the classroom. Improve the ability to express themselves in a concise yet precise way, through classroom exercises and/or the drafting of written papers on the acquired knowledge. Strengthen the ability to work independently on set objectives, agreed with the teacher, through extra-class activities, such as bibliographic research.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed at providing a general knowledges and understanding of different phases of Chinese literature during the second half of the 20th century. Through lessons and seminar activities – which will include reading of original literary texts in Chinese language and literary criticism essays in English or Italian language, students will acquire a deeper knowledge of literary genres (fiction, poetry and essay) and literary criticism.
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able contextualize and analyze various literary genres; he/she will acquire a expositive and analitic ability, will develop skills of literary analysis and she/he will improve her/his linguistic competence in the Chinese language.

Educational objectives

The course aims to improve students’ knowledge of grammar and sintax of classical Chinese language, and to improve students’ translation abilities.
At the end of the course, students will be able to undertake reading and translation of ancient Chinese texts, and moreover to use hermeneutic tools related to this topic in order to carry out independent translation and research.

Educational objectives

This course aims at developing research skills in Sinology by introducing students to all the major sources and reference tools in philological and historical research. Through weekly exercises, the course aims at developing students' ability in identifying and locating primary sources, as well as increasing their confidence in using the appropriate reference tools, repertoires and dictionaries.
This course also aims at developing students' communication skills through in-class discussions on the different topics tackled every week.

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is to develop the following critical competencies in students:

- Awareness of specific perspectives and divergent interpretations. Firstly, the course will analyse the contribution of Jesuit scholars to the production and circulation of knowledge about China in early modern Europe. Secondly, it aims to contextualise this body of knowledge within the broader scientific debates of the time, particularly those concerning cosmology, diversity, technological mastery, and scientific primacy. To raise students' awareness of current debates and different interpretations, selected weekly readings presenting contrasting viewpoints will be provided. Additional multimedia materials will also be used in class to scaffold learning.

- Ability to interact constructively with others: Through in-class activities and weekly engagement on Perusall, students will be encouraged to engage in constructive debate and the exchange of views on specific historical events and processes within discussion groups.

- Ability to conduct independent research on specific topics related to the course content :students will be encouraged to critically reflect on the intellectual debates on China, delving into specific topics of their choice and presenting their findings in a written essay and in oral presentations.

Educational objectives

Given for granted some basic and indispensable goals (knowledge and understanding in the field of studies; ability to apply knowledge and understanding; capability of critical analysis; communication skills on that which has been learned; capacity to undertake further studies with some autonomy), the course intends to attain the following specific objectives: A) knowledge of key notions and central topics on the history of science and technology in Eastern cultures; B) improvement of: capacity of critical reading and in-depth historical-theoretical framing of philosophical and scientific texts; ability of proper utilizing secondary literature; mastery of a highly specialized philosophical terminology in oral and written communication; improvement of argumentative skills.

Educational objectives

The course provides an overview of the artistic production in Korea during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910), examining its development in relation to the political, social, cultural, and religious transformations of the period. Through the study of painting, calligraphy, ceramics, decorative arts and material culture, students will acquire the knowledge and analytical tools required to understand the role of the arts within Joseon society and in the construction of pre-modern Korean cultural identity.

Korean art will be examined within the broader East Asian context, with particular attention to Korea’s relations with China and Japan and to the circulation of artistic models, techniques, objects, texts, and practices. This comparative perspective will allow students to understand both Korea’s participation in a shared regional culture and the processes of selection, adaptation, and reinterpretation through which distinctively Korean artistic forms developed. Particular attention will also be given to the relationships between artistic production, Neo-Confucian thought, court institutions, ritual practices, and everyday life.

Approximately one third of the course will be devoted to an in-depth examination of a specific theme or case study, through which students will apply the knowledge acquired and develop their ability to analyze and interpret visual and material sources critically.

Educational objectives

Educational Objectives
The course History and Culture of Mongolia aims to provide students with a comprehensive overview of Mongolian history, from the emergence of Mongol power to the establishment of the People’s Republic, while also offering a survey of the populations that preceded the Mongols. Through didactic workshops and the presentation of individual or group projects, the course fosters active student engagement and seeks to strengthen effective communication skills and the ability to disseminate scholarly content related to the topics studied.
Expected Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course, students will have acquired knowledge of the essential and foundational features of Mongolian political, economic, and socio-cultural history, from its emergence to the foundation of the People’s Republic of Mongolia, as well as of the interactions and connections between the Mongols and the countries with which they came into contact. This knowledge will enable them to competently undertake the study of area studies disciplines. Students will demonstrate awareness of historical methodologies and of the main themes and issues in Mongolian history. They will be able to address historiographical and cultural topics related to the country under study in an original and autonomous manner. Through the preparation of presentations (PowerPoint) or short papers agreed upon and supervised by the instructor, students will develop the ability to clearly articulate and communicate the knowledge acquired and to formulate sound judgments in the field of history.

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course provides transversal principles and fundamental notions necessary for the knowledge of the Religions and Philosophies of East Asia with
particular reference to Buddhism (Dublin Descriptor 1). The above-mentioned knowledge is aimed at the development of the management skills of users
vis-à-vis the understanding of the emic and ethical components of the subject-matter as related to the socio-anthropological aspects characterizing the
oriental cultures studied (DD2). The activities capable of developing critical and judgmental skills will consist of class-based debates, critical-analytical
audio-vision of multimedia material, meetings with experts and scholarly conferences focused on specific topics (DD3). The activities aimed at the ability to
communicate and transmit the acquired knowledge will be characterized by exercises consisting of individual or group presentations on specific topics
related to the course, conceived, developed, and organized by the students themselves on the basis of the teaching and reference material provided and the
tutoring of the teacher (DD4). The teaching strategies related to the course involve the transmission of methodological techniques fostering an optimized
organization vis-à-vis the learning activities at stake, inspired by maieutic and heuristic principles which are in turn supported by pertinent teaching and
reference material, proposed to facilitate independent perusal as well as future individual in-depth analysis of the treated subject-themes (DD5). At the end of
the course the students must be able to demonstrate: a) a general knowledge of the diachronic structures of the main themes; b) specific knowledge of at
least one thematic area; c) knowledge of the current nature of the research and of the debates related to the subject; d) critical knowledge of the relationship
between present and past; e) knowledge of the research methodology in terms of bibliographies and primary and secondary sources to formulate a coherent
philosophical-religious discourse; f) ability to retrieve and manage information from a variety of sources (electronic, written, archival, oral) integrating it
critically into a basic narrative; g) ability to think in scientific terms, pose problems, collect data, analyze them, and propose hypotheses; h) to work
autonomously, producing the required result in the defined times.

Educational objectives

Given for granted some basic and indispensable goals (knowledge and understanding in the field of studies; ability to apply knowledge and understanding; capability of critical analysis; communication skills on that which has been learned; capacity to undertake further studies with some autonomy), the course intends to attain the following specific objectives: A) knowledge of key notions and central topics on the history of science and technology in Eastern cultures; B) improvement of: capacity of critical reading and in-depth historical-theoretical framing of philosophical and scientific texts; ability of proper utilizing secondary literature; mastery of a highly specialized philosophical terminology in oral and written communication; improvement of argumentative skills.

Educational objectives

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. Knowledge and Understanding: the course will be aimed at providing students with the necessary critical and analytical tools, introducing them to the main themes and principal concepts of Humanities in China. The course will facilitate a gradual process of gaining knowledge and deepening understanding, familiarizing the students with this field of studies, its scientific vocabulary, the methodologies and the critical theories, in a comparative perspective which rejects Eurocentric approaches.
2. Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding: the course will stimulate and improve the students’ ability to apply knowledge and understanding in their study of disciplines relating to the Humanities in China in comparative perspective. Students will be asked to critically read and assess texts, analyse and comment literary and visual narratives, examine theatre plays and films applying the critical theories and the methodologies which will be elucidated and studied during the course.
3. Making judgments: Students will be sustained in the development of their knowledge and understanding capabilities to critically read the suggested bibliography and employ the theories and the materials in order to formulate coherent and autonomous judgments regarding social, artistic and cultural processes, informed by the inter-relation between aesthetics and ethics.
4. Communication skills. Particular attention will be devoted to improving students' communication skills, through oral presentations, self-narratives labs, participatory workshops and the assignment of short written essays.
5. Learning skills. The course will be delivered paying attention to develop in students the skills necessary to undertake subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed at giving the students a general historical outline of the period under scrutiny and of the main methodological and critical issues about it.
The course is meant at developing the students’ ability to link the specific topic of the discipline to other fields of study (literature, history, philosophy).
The course is aimed at enabling the students to apply the specific language and methods of the Discipline to develop their skills in terms of critical judgment and communication ability.

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course aims to deepen students’ understanding of the linguistic and written forms of premodern Japan, with particular attention to the diversity of textual registers, writing systems, and practices of textual composition and transmission. Through the linguistic and philological analysis of texts in the original language, the course seeks to provide students with advanced tools for the comprehension and interpretation of the various configurations of written language in premodern Japan, including hybrid forms and different graphic systems.

Educational objectives

This course aims at developing research skills in Sinology by introducing students to all the major sources and reference tools in philological and historical research. Through weekly exercises, the course aims at developing students' ability in identifying and locating primary sources, as well as increasing their confidence in using the appropriate reference tools, repertoires and dictionaries.
This course also aims at developing students' communication skills through in-class discussions on the different topics tackled every week.

Educational objectives

Given for granted some basic and indispensable goals (knowledge and understanding in the field of studies; ability to apply knowledge and understanding; capability of critical analysis; communication skills on that which has been learned; capacity to undertake further studies with some autonomy), the course intends to attain the following specific objectives: A) knowledge of key notions and central topics on the history of science and technology in Eastern cultures; B) improvement of: capacity of critical reading and in-depth historical-theoretical framing of philosophical and scientific texts; ability of proper utilizing secondary literature; mastery of a highly specialized philosophical terminology in oral and written communication; improvement of argumentative skills.

Educational objectives

The course aims to consolidate and further develop students’ skills in the critical reading of texts from premodern Japan, integrating the analysis of sources with methodological approaches drawn from historical, literary, and philological studies. Through the study of texts in the original language and the application of diverse interpretive approaches, the course seeks to develop students’ ability to engage with texts as sources, situating them within their respective contexts of production, circulation, and reception.

Educational objectives

The course aims to improve students’ knowledge of grammar and sintax of classical Chinese language, and to improve students’ translation abilities.
At the end of the course, students will be able to undertake reading and translation of ancient Chinese texts, and moreover to use hermeneutic tools related to this topic in order to carry out independent translation and research.

Educational objectives

The course presents the study of Japanese theater, with particular regard to the genres that are still programmed in theaters. The course includes a historical part, the viewing of video, reading and translation of theatrical scripts. Specific Goals Broaden the knowledge of Japanese culture and language through theatrical repertoire. Learn Japanese theater culture from the point of view of scholars and the public.

Educational objectives

Educational Objectives
The course History and Culture of Mongolia aims to provide students with a comprehensive overview of Mongolian history, from the emergence of Mongol power to the establishment of the People’s Republic, while also offering a survey of the populations that preceded the Mongols. Through didactic workshops and the presentation of individual or group projects, the course fosters active student engagement and seeks to strengthen effective communication skills and the ability to disseminate scholarly content related to the topics studied.
Expected Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course, students will have acquired knowledge of the essential and foundational features of Mongolian political, economic, and socio-cultural history, from its emergence to the foundation of the People’s Republic of Mongolia, as well as of the interactions and connections between the Mongols and the countries with which they came into contact. This knowledge will enable them to competently undertake the study of area studies disciplines. Students will demonstrate awareness of historical methodologies and of the main themes and issues in Mongolian history. They will be able to address historiographical and cultural topics related to the country under study in an original and autonomous manner. Through the preparation of presentations (PowerPoint) or short papers agreed upon and supervised by the instructor, students will develop the ability to clearly articulate and communicate the knowledge acquired and to formulate sound judgments in the field of history.

Educational objectives

The course provides an overview of the artistic production in Korea during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910), examining its development in relation to the political, social, cultural, and religious transformations of the period. Through the study of painting, calligraphy, ceramics, decorative arts and material culture, students will acquire the knowledge and analytical tools required to understand the role of the arts within Joseon society and in the construction of pre-modern Korean cultural identity.

Korean art will be examined within the broader East Asian context, with particular attention to Korea’s relations with China and Japan and to the circulation of artistic models, techniques, objects, texts, and practices. This comparative perspective will allow students to understand both Korea’s participation in a shared regional culture and the processes of selection, adaptation, and reinterpretation through which distinctively Korean artistic forms developed. Particular attention will also be given to the relationships between artistic production, Neo-Confucian thought, court institutions, ritual practices, and everyday life.

Approximately one third of the course will be devoted to an in-depth examination of a specific theme or case study, through which students will apply the knowledge acquired and develop their ability to analyze and interpret visual and material sources critically.

Educational objectives

The main objective of this course is to develop the following critical competencies in students:

- Awareness of specific perspectives and divergent interpretations. Firstly, the course will analyse the contribution of Jesuit scholars to the production and circulation of knowledge about China in early modern Europe. Secondly, it aims to contextualise this body of knowledge within the broader scientific debates of the time, particularly those concerning cosmology, diversity, technological mastery, and scientific primacy. To raise students' awareness of current debates and different interpretations, selected weekly readings presenting contrasting viewpoints will be provided. Additional multimedia materials will also be used in class to scaffold learning.

- Ability to interact constructively with others: Through in-class activities and weekly engagement on Perusall, students will be encouraged to engage in constructive debate and the exchange of views on specific historical events and processes within discussion groups.

- Ability to conduct independent research on specific topics related to the course content :students will be encouraged to critically reflect on the intellectual debates on China, delving into specific topics of their choice and presenting their findings in a written essay and in oral presentations.

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

General aims: knowledge of historical evolution of India after 1947.
Specific aims: at the end of the course, the student – 1) knows the political, social and cultural dynamics of the period under study; 2) is able to contextualize single events within a general frame of historical dynamics; 3) is able to deal with critical and interpretative literature on the basis of notions taught by the teacher; 4) can present an argument related to the period under study both orally and in writing, also on the basis of oral and written exercises; 5) is able to autonomously continue his studies also on the basis of exercises in formulating research projects.

Educational objectives

The general objective of this course is the acquisition of a solid knowledge of Indian literature and philosophy from classical and medieval times. This aim will be achieved
mostly by frontal classes, during which students will be stimulated to discuss and to analyze different Indian texts. The main competence that students should achieve at the
end of this course is the exact contextualization of various texts in their historical, philosophical, and linguistic framework. This competence can be enhanced by the courses
of Sanskrit Language and Literature, Indian Religions and Philosophies, and Society and Culture in India.
Specific objectives
Qualifications are awarded to students who:
 have demonstrated knowledge and understanding of different aspects of Old Indian literary and philosophical production, and are able to elaborate original ideas about it;
 are capable to apply their knowledge and understanding in a manner that they can critically analyze a text, through assessing it in its historical, philosophical, and linguistic framework;
 have the ability to gather and interpret, by preparing book reports, relevant data to summarise the contents of Indian primary sources;
 can communicate, by preparing reports, commentaries, and annotated translations, the main issues that characterised the Old Indian literary and philosophical production;
 have developed those learning skills that are necessary to a deeper understanding of Old Indian literature in a critical perspective.

Educational objectives

The course focuses on general aspects of the Akkadian language, specifically on the Old Babylonian dialect (XVIII-XV centuries BCE). The main features of Akkadian phonetics, morphology, and syntax will be studied during the course. Students attending the course and preparing for the exam should develop the necessary skills to read and translate Akkadian texts, as well as to conduct philological analysis. Additionally, students will receive an introduction to the basics of cuneiform writing. The skills acquired during the course will complement and enhance those gained in other courses on Near Eastern languages and literature within the undergraduate program.
Throughout the lessons, or via textbook readings and supplementary materials, students will engage in the analysis of various features of the Akkadian language through exercises and texts drawn from legal documents, contracts, letters, and so on.
The course aims to equip students with the following competencies: general knowledge of the Akkadian language, including its historical and geographical context; skills related to source analysis and evaluation; understanding of Akkadian phonetics, grammar, and syntax; proficiency in translating and analyzing Akkadian texts; critical thinking skills, enabling students to integrate acquired knowledge and actively engage with course material; self-directed learning abilities, supported by recommended bibliographic resources and discussions during lessons; competence in independently consulting reference materials and secondary literature, conducting personal research, and applying a critical approach to scholarly work.

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

General educational objectives: the course aims to convey the fundamental elements for a thorough knowledge of the course theme as a historical and cultural structuring phenomenon of the development of the contemporary Arab world from the late nineteenth century to today, framing it in the knowledge of the development of the phenomenon as a global phenomenon.
Specific educational objectives: upon completion of the course the student will acquire the following knowledge and skills: 1) knowledge of the historical, social and cultural dynamics of the course theme at the global level and at the Arab world level, and their main scientific interpretations; 2) ability to place the developments of the phenomenon object of the course both within a broader framework of historical dynamics, as well as in the specific framework of the contemporary history of the Arab countries; 3) ability to read and analyze critical and interpretative texts of the course theme and its primary historical documents, both in Arabic and in translation (French and / or English); 4) ability to present orally and in writing a topic related to the phenomenon under study, also based on oral and written exercises; 5) ability to continue the study independently, also based on exercises related to the elaboration of research studies.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with tools of knowledge and understanding of historical phenomena of the Islamic Middle Ages that will be illustrated a) in their strictly cultural dimension; b) as forms of premodern affirmation of some specific features of modernity; c) as a cultural heritage transmitted to the West. The course aims to develop the ability to understand some specificities of Islamic classical culture and, at the same time, to elaborate terms of comparison with similar historical and cultural experiences of the Latin Middle Ages.

Educational objectives

This course proposes to problematise social changes in India and provide knowledge about how social roles were constructed, modified, transformed and maintained since the nineteenth century till present times.
Specific aims
The course will enable the student acquire the following skills:
Adequate knowledge of the relevant historical field: an understanding of continuity and change unleashed through historical processes in a specific historical context.
Skills specific to the discipline of History: articulate a central argument; identify primary and secondary sources; design a bibliography; and master proper practices of citations.
The proficiency to identify and interpret different analyses and historiography.
The capacity to incorporate historical skills in writing.

Educational objectives

Knowledge and understanding: This course will introduce students to the study of the Ottoman Empire, from its inception as a frontier principality in the late 13th century through its many transformations as one the largest and most-long lasting empires in world history, until its demise in the 20th century. This course, through different theoretical approaches and discussing also primary sources in translation, will help the students to overcome the established Eurocentric narratives on the Ottoman Empire, focusing, in particular, on its legacy for contemporary Middle East, North Africa and Europe.
Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will be able to analyze the rise and the evolution of the Ottoman empire in the broader context of world history while examining its peculiarities and the reasons that determined the emergence of a Eurocentric narrative on the Ottomans. They will also be able to have a more in-depth knowledge of the historiographical debates that concern various aspects of the study of Ottoman history.
Making judgements: Students will be able to analyze critically the knowledge they have acquired and formulate their own judgments. These skills will be built up also through promoting independent and collaborative learning activities such as self-direct learning, written essays, Problem Based Learning (PBS).
Communication skills: the students will learn how to express their ideas clearly and adequately and how to communicate effectively what has been learned. These skills will be enhanced by promoting collaborative learning activities such as Think-Pair-Share (TPS), small discussion groups, simulations, peer reading and peer editing.
Learning skills: the students will learn how to study in a self-directed and autonomous way, understand their shortcomings and conceive and develop a self-learning project within a set time limit. These skills will be enhanced by activities such as flipped classroom, self-evaluation exercises and written essays.

Educational objectives

The main objective of the course is to provide students with an in-depth knowledge of the main literary movements and of the most relevant authors of modern and contemporary South Asia. The classes are organized through interactive lectures where students are asked to read literary texts and critical essays and are encouraged to carry out preliminary researches on assigned topics, in order to share their findings, ideas and comments with their peers, under the supervision of the professor. Rather than transferring knowledge in a passive way, the course aims to stimulate students’ individual interests and to create a constructive and thought-provoking environment where scientific curiosity towards the literatures of the Indian subcontinent is constantly elicited and provocatively addressed. Through the use of audiovisual sources to support written and oral literatures, students are encouraged to draw useful links between various forms of literary and artistic narrations. Watching and analyzing films based on novels and/or literary figures, reading and critically engaging with theatrical works adapted into experimental plays, tracing and working through migrant narratives, interacting with literary materials produced in diasporic contexts are also encouraged and stimulated as a way to further deepen the critical knowledge of modern and contemporary literatures of the Indian subcontinent. This can be more easily achieved if the students are willing to take as propaedeutic courses the teachings of Hindi, Bengali, Sanskrit and/or Tibetan languages. Moreover, the courses of History of India, Religions and Philosophies of India and Archeology and Art History of India and Central Asia are extremely relevant for the understanding of the historical, artistic and philosophical contexts that underly the production of literary works.

Specific Objectives

The students are supposed to acquire the following skills and competencies:

• Demonstrate commanding knowledge and a deep understanding of the main literary currents of the Indian subcontinent in modern and contemporary times;
• Analyze and critically interpret a literary text (written, oral, performed, or adapted for cinema);
• Develop good analytical skills and formulate critical comments on the proposed texts, studying their form in relation to the content;
• Critically proposing, through short essays and presentations, arguments and thought-provoking ideas regarding the main authors and the most important works of the Indian subcontinent from the mid-19th century to the present day;
• Acquire a deep knowledge of the modern literatures of the Indian subcontinent in an interdisciplinary perspective, without neglecting contemporaneity and the relationship with the diasporic communities of the subcontinent living in Italy.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The course provides the methodological framework and the historical-critical knowledge necessary for understanding artistic productions and archaeological evidence, with particular reference to the contexts of the Indian Subcontinent and pre-Islamic Central Asia. This knowledge is aimed at developing analytical skills for the accurate interpretation of artefacts, in relation to socio-cultural dynamics and patterns of patronage within specific territories.
Activities designed to foster independent judgement will include the critical analysis of iconographic programmes, the comparison between written sources and material evidence, as well as participation in seminars. Communication skills will be enhanced through individual and group exercises. Teaching strategies, supported by bibliographical resources and digital databases, are geared towards imparting an autonomous research method, useful for further specialised study and for the critical handling of sources.

Educational objectives

Aim of the teaching unit is to give students knowledge and comprehension skills in the field of
ISLAMIC ARCHEOLOGY I A, that complete and/or reinforce those acquired in the first grade of studies. Moreover, it will make the students able to approach orginal themes in a research context, making more complex judgments, communicating knowledge and its process, and studying the subject in an independent and self-educational way.

The purpose of the course is a deepening of the archaeological data and sources of the first Islamic period, aimed at the reconstruction of the intended use of the buildings and of the iconographic programs (coinage included).

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the methodological, critical and applicable aspects of the Discipline; it proposes general questions and specific perspectives by focusing on their interactions on a global scale; it shows the variability of fields of interest; it enables the student to master the specific topics in order to use them and apply them in other fields of study while using the correct specific language. With the acquired knowledge the student will be able to develop autonomous ability of
connections with other disciplines in the various historical epochs and cultural contexts.

Educational objectives

General Aims
This course proposes to problematise social changes in India and provide knowledge about how social roles were constructed, modified, transformed and maintained since the nineteenth century till present times.
Specific aims
The course will enable the student acquire the following skills:
Adequate knowledge of the relevant historical field: an understanding of continuity and change unleashed through historical processes in a specific historical context.
Skills specific to the discipline of History: articulate a central argument; identify primary and secondary sources; design a bibliography; and master proper practices of citations.
The proficiency to identify and interpret different analyses and historiography.
The capacity to incorporate historical skills in writing.

Educational objectives

General educational objectives: this course aims to transmit the fundamental elements for an in-depth knowledge of Arab nationalism as a historical and cultural phenomenon that structured the development of the contemporary Arab world from the late nineteenth century to the present, framing it in the knowledge of the development of nationalism as a global phenomenon.
Specific educational objectives: upon completion of the course the student will acquire the following knowledges and skills: 1) knowledge of the political, social and cultural dynamics of the phenomenon of nationalism at the global and Arab level and of their main scientific interpretations; 2) knowledge of the developments of the phenomenon of nationalism in the Arab world both in the specific framework of contemporary history of Arab countries, as well as within a broader framework of global historical dynamics; 3) ability to read and analyze critically interpretative texts about Arab nationalism and its primary historical documents, both in Arabic and in translation (French and / or English); 4) ability to present orally and in writing a topic related to the phenomenon under study, also based on oral and written exercises; 5) ability to continue the study independently, also based on exercises related to the elaboration of research studies.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide students with tools of knowledge and understanding of historical phenomena of the Islamic Middle Ages that will be illustrated a) in their strictly cultural dimension; b) as forms of premodern affirmation of some specific features of modernity; c) as a cultural heritage transmitted to the West. The course aims to develop the ability to understand some specificities of Islamic classical culture and, at the same time, to elaborate terms of comparison with similar historical and cultural experiences of the Latin Middle Ages.

Educational objectives

The course focuses on general aspects of the Akkadian language, specifically on the Old Babylonian dialect (XVIII-XV centuries BCE). The main features of Akkadian phonetics, morphology, and syntax will be studied during the course. Students attending the course and preparing for the exam should develop the necessary skills to read and translate Akkadian texts, as well as to conduct philological analysis. Additionally, students will receive an introduction to the basics of cuneiform writing. The skills acquired during the course will complement and enhance those gained in other courses on Near Eastern languages and literature within the undergraduate program.
Throughout the lessons, or via textbook readings and supplementary materials, students will engage in the analysis of various features of the Akkadian language through exercises and texts drawn from legal documents, contracts, letters, and so on.
The course aims to equip students with the following competencies: general knowledge of the Akkadian language, including its historical and geographical context; skills related to source analysis and evaluation; understanding of Akkadian phonetics, grammar, and syntax; proficiency in translating and analyzing Akkadian texts; critical thinking skills, enabling students to integrate acquired knowledge and actively engage with course material; self-directed learning abilities, supported by recommended bibliographic resources and discussions during lessons; competence in independently consulting reference materials and secondary literature, conducting personal research, and applying a critical approach to scholarly work.

Educational objectives

By the end of this teaching module, students will:
• Achieve preliminary knowledge of the main features of Ancient and Middle Iranian writing systems and languages;
• Understand the function of monumental epigraphy and royal communication in Iranianate contexts;
• Develop skills in the critical analysis of primary Achaemenid and Sasanian epigraphic evidence and their textual content;
• Apply critical assessment of inscription landscapes and their relevance within Cultural Heritage discourses;
• Deliver clear and rigorous presentations of complex topics, engaging critically and constructively with peers during peer review sessions.

Educational objectives

Upon completion of the course the student, already provided with basic knowledge of general and historical linguistics imparted during the undergraduate program, will acquire some more specific skills in the field of modern language analysis. The aspects of the language that the course will focus on range from syntax to semantics, from the grammatical typology to language related philosophical problems. Recent theories in Linguistics Philosophy of language will be presented with a critical approach and a historical contextualization, rather than dogmatically. The student will also acquire various practical skills inherent to each type of linguistic analysis in question (going from constructing syntactic trees to solving simple problems in propositional logic), also through special practical exercises during the classes. The final aim of the course is to provide the student with the ability to read modern literature in the field of linguistics and to construct a logically coherent scientific discourse, also as a preparation for drafting the graduation thesis.

Educational objectives

Develop the ability to engage in critical and autonomous thinking with respect to the theoretical constructs underpinning language learning, teaching, and assessment processes.
Acquire the capacity to understand and investigate both theoretical and applied issues related to educational linguistics and language education, as well as to bi‑, pluri‑ and multilingualism.
Gain the critical tools necessary to evaluate the impact of language policies at the educational and, more broadly, societal levels, including the consequences such policies produce for individuals. Foster the analysis of instruments for interpreting and assessing language learner data.

Educational objectives

General objectives: The course aims to deepen the knowledge of the morphology and
written praxes of the Japanese language, particularly in the premodern period, with the
specific goal of enabling the learner to read, interpret, and translate archival sources and
documents written according to the stylistic convention of sinitic literacy and clerical
writings. The course also involves a reasoned study of the major evolutions of the
Japanese notation and writing conventions through the centuries, with advanced notions of
paleography and diplomatics useful for conducting an analytical examination of original
specimens of significant literary, documentary, and archival value.
Specific objectives: By the end of the course, the learner will be able to read and interpret
premodern texts of different categories and genres; will have a thorough knowledge of the
history of Japanese archival science and will be able to identify, transcribe, classify, and
interpret documents written in cursive or semi-cursive script, types of manuscripts, and
historical printed editions.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

This educational activity aims to assess and enhance computer literacy skills within the
specific field of digital humanities. Its main objective is to convey: the fundamental
concepts of computers and their use in educational and research activities, the essential
functions required for efficient computer usage, the role of programs as interfaces between
the computer and the user, and the functional and operational characteristics of virtual
work environments useful for students in the degree programs of foreign languages and
literatures and languages and cultures. In particular, the focus will be on digital
applications in the cultural sector explored from various perspectives, with both theoretical
and practical knowledge of the changes and processes of knowledge production
reorganization that underlie the ongoing dialogue between computer science and
humanities disciplines.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

The training consists of formative activities performed out of the frame of the study course, preferably in multilinguistic and multicultural contexts.

Educational objectives

General aims: knowledge of historical evolution of India after 1947.
Specific aims: at the end of the course, the student – 1) knows the political, social and cultural dynamics of the period under study; 2) is able to contextualize single events within a general frame of historical dynamics; 3) is able to deal with critical and interpretative literature on the basis of notions taught by the teacher; 4) can present an argument related to the period under study both orally and in writing, also on the basis of oral and written exercises; 5) is able to autonomously continue his studies also on the basis of exercises in formulating research projects.

Educational objectives

The general objective of this course is the acquisition of a solid knowledge of Indian literature and philosophy from classical and medieval times. This aim will be achieved
mostly by frontal classes, during which students will be stimulated to discuss and to analyze different Indian texts. The main competence that students should achieve at the
end of this course is the exact contextualization of various texts in their historical, philosophical, and linguistic framework. This competence can be enhanced by the courses
of Sanskrit Language and Literature, Indian Religions and Philosophies, and Society and Culture in India.
Specific objectives
Qualifications are awarded to students who:
 have demonstrated knowledge and understanding of different aspects of Old Indian literary and philosophical production, and are able to elaborate original ideas about it;
 are capable to apply their knowledge and understanding in a manner that they can critically analyze a text, through assessing it in its historical, philosophical, and linguistic framework;
 have the ability to gather and interpret, by preparing book reports, relevant data to summarise the contents of Indian primary sources;
 can communicate, by preparing reports, commentaries, and annotated translations, the main issues that characterised the Old Indian literary and philosophical production;
 have developed those learning skills that are necessary to a deeper understanding of Old Indian literature in a critical perspective.

Educational objectives

The course focuses on general aspects of the Akkadian language, specifically on the Old Babylonian dialect (XVIII-XV centuries BCE). The main features of Akkadian phonetics, morphology, and syntax will be studied during the course. Students attending the course and preparing for the exam should develop the necessary skills to read and translate Akkadian texts, as well as to conduct philological analysis. Additionally, students will receive an introduction to the basics of cuneiform writing. The skills acquired during the course will complement and enhance those gained in other courses on Near Eastern languages and literature within the undergraduate program.
Throughout the lessons, or via textbook readings and supplementary materials, students will engage in the analysis of various features of the Akkadian language through exercises and texts drawn from legal documents, contracts, letters, and so on.
The course aims to equip students with the following competencies: general knowledge of the Akkadian language, including its historical and geographical context; skills related to source analysis and evaluation; understanding of Akkadian phonetics, grammar, and syntax; proficiency in translating and analyzing Akkadian texts; critical thinking skills, enabling students to integrate acquired knowledge and actively engage with course material; self-directed learning abilities, supported by recommended bibliographic resources and discussions during lessons; competence in independently consulting reference materials and secondary literature, conducting personal research, and applying a critical approach to scholarly work.