Medicine and Surgery

1. Primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention: therapeutic options 2. Atrial fibrillation as an example of complex cardiovascular pathology in the elderly 3. Arterial hypertension: diagnosis and treatment 4. Heart failure: diagnosis and treatment 5. Liver cirrhosis: diagnosis and treatment 6. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment 7. Liver cirrhosis: diagnosis and treatment 8. Appropriate use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs

The main purpose of the Internal Medicine course (within the broader scope of Internal Medicine and Surgery II) is to provide students with the fundamental knowledge necessary to perform clinical assessment, differential diagnosis, and formulate treatment plans for the most common conditions in Internal Medicine. These skills should also include the ability to conduct comprehensive health assessments and evaluate the risks associated with various treatments in patients with multiple pathologies. The course, taught by the instructor, includes professional activities in hospital wards or outpatient clinics, which should be considered indispensable for achieving the course objectives.

Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine (last edition) ESC National Cardiac Societies; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 7;42(34):3227-3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484 ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-3726. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5):373-498. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612.

To recognize and understand the therapeutic treatments for the main medical mergencies, with particular attention to situations that may pose an imminent danger to the patient's life.

The general assessment of the exam consists of knowledge of the topics covered in class. The assessment of internships will be based on the student's ability to evaluate a complex clinical situation, work in a team, handle communication between physician and patient, propose a diagnostic-therapeutic strategy, discuss it with colleagues, and make collective decisions.

Frontal lectures in the classroom and practical professionalizing sessions in small groups in the wards and outpatient clinics of internal medicine.

Arterial hypertension of adrenal origin - resistant arterial hypertension and renovascular hypertension

Basic knowledge of pathophysiology

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Edition Textbook; Current medical diagnosis & treatment. Ed. Piccin

learning assessment

verbal multidisciplinary examination

learning assessment

The course will cover the main internal medicine conditions, with a particular focus on autoimmune diseases and chronic hepatitis, exploring the most relevant clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects.

As a prerequisite, a solid understanding of internal medicine is required, as it is essential for grasping the clinical concepts discussed during the course and for actively engaging in the lectures.

The recommended textbook for the course is Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th edition (2021), published by Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.

The class schedule will be determined by the Academic Director, taking into consideration classroom availability and the number of University Educational Credits (CFU) assigned to the course. The lecture timetable will be communicated to students well in advance to allow for effective planning.

The exam will take place in person and will be conducted as an oral test, aimed at assessing the student’s understanding of the topics covered during the course and their clinical reasoning skills.

The teaching will be delivered through in-person, lecture-based instruction, promoting direct interaction between the instructor and students and encouraging active participation during the lessons.