Food and Industrial Biotechnology

The course includes 40 hours of lectures, divided into four sections, and 12 hours of exercises. I section Introduction to Plant Pathology (8 hours) Introductory concepts; Background; The concept of disease; Pathogens and pathogenesis; Causes of plant diseases; Symptoms of plant diseases; The postulates of Koch Section II: alterations of the plant due to biotic and abiotic stress (10 hours) Alteration of plant physiology: Photosynthesis; Translocation of water and minerals; Water potential; Transpiration; Vascular tissue; Carbohydrate metabolism; Respiration; Membrane permeability; Hormones. Non-parasitic physiological alterations: Thermal stress; Water stress; Osmotic stress; Nutritional stress; Stress from pollutants; wounding III section: Pathogens (16 hours) Microbial pathogens: necrotrophic pathogens, hemibitotrophic and biotrophic; The pyramid of the disease; Host resistance and virulence of the pathogen; The cycle of the disease: Inoculation, Adhesion, Plant-pathogen recognition, Germination and germination methods, Signal transduction, Penetration in Mushrooms, Bacteria, Viruses, Nematodes; Infection, Invasion; sporulation; Dormancy. Primary and secondary cycles of infection: • Phytopathogenic viruses • TMV cycle - Phytoplasmas - Phytopathogenic bacteria • Erwinia amilovora cycle • Cycle of Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci • Cycle of Agrobacterium tumefaciens - Phytopathogenic fungi • General characters • Fungal-like organisms •  Mixomycetes •  Plasmodioophora •  Oomycetes • True-fungi •  Chitidriomycetes •  Zygomycetes •  Ascomycetes •  Basidiomycetes • Plant diseases cycles due to some true fungi and fungal like •  Plasmopara viticola •  Phytophthora infestans •  Rhizopus stolonifer •  Venturia inaequalis •  Botrytis cinerea •  Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. licopersici •  Taphrina deformans •  Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici •  Ustilago maydis Section IV: diagnosis and control (6 hours) Basic procedures in the diagnosis of plant pathogens; molecular procedures for the diagnosis of pathogens; innovative strategies in the detection of pathogens; physical, chemical and biological methods for the control of pathogens. Exercises: Classroom exercises: cycles of infection of pathogens of the main crops of Lazio Laboratory and field exercises: Microscope recognition (stereo and optical) of the structures useful for the recognition of pathogens Visual recognition and microscope of the symptoms of the main diseases of some typical Lazio cultures

The teaching of Plant Pathology in the three-year course is in the third year, therefore included among the basic teachings. The knowledge that would be important to have acquired are those provided by the teaching of General Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Elementi di Patologia Vegetale di Belli G, Editore Piccin-Nuona Libraria Edizione: 2 Data di Pubblicazione: 2011 ISBN: 9788829921294 Fondamenti di patologia vegetale di Alberto Matta, Roberto Buonaurio, Aniello Scala Editore: Pàtron Edizione: 2 A cura di: F. Favaron, F. Scala Data di Pubblicazione: 2017 EAN: 9788855533829 ISBN: 8855533827 Pagine: 490 Patologia Vegetale G. Vannacci Edises Università ISBN 978-88-3623-0419

The course is structured in theoretical lectures and exercises. In particular, 52 hours of teaching (6 CFU) are planned, of which 40 hours of lectures (5 ECTS) and 12 hours of exercises (1 CFU). The lessons are held weekly in the classroom and on the Google Meet the exposure takes place through the use of slides on power-point and by availing eiduco platform. The 12 hours of exercises are divided into: - two hours of numerical exercises in the classroom, - ten hours of practical exercises in the laboratory,

The frequency of teaching classes is not mandatory.

The exam is aimed at verifying the level of knowledge and in-depth study of the topics of the teaching program and the reasoning skills developed by the student. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths (minimum grade 18/30, maximum grade 30/30 with honors). The evaluation consists of two in itinere written tests, an oral exam to complement the in itinere tests and a visual and microscope recognition practice. The overall exam allows verifying the achievement of the objectives in terms of knowledge and skills acquired as well as communication skills. In the written and oral tests the language property, the clarity of exposition and the critical capacity are evaluated. In the practical test, the recognition abilities of the illnesses encountered in class will be evaluated. The final grade is the average between the practical test, the written tests and the oral test.

The course is structured in theoretical lectures and exercises. In particular, 52 hours of teaching (6 CFU) are planned, of which 40 hours of lectures (5 ECTS) and 12 hours of exercises (1 CFU). The lessons are held weekly in the classroom and on the Google Meet the exposure takes place through the use of slides on power-point and by availing eiduco platform. The 12 hours of exercises are divided into: - two hours of numerical exercises in the classroom, - ten hours of practical exercises in the laboratory,