Pharmacy

Module 1 Protein metabolism: regulation of protein synthesis; folding, chaperones, oxidative stress and diseases associated with protein misfolding; unfolding protein response; post-translational modifications; intracellular trafficking; lysosomal and proteasomal degradation (ubiquitin protein system). The cell nucleus: nuclear structure and chromatin organization; regulation of DNA functions, nuclear dynamics, histone and DNA modifications; non-coding RNAs and RNA interference; DNA damage and repair systems. Cell cycle: proteins involved (cyclins, CDK); role of Rb and E2F; control of the cell cycle, checkpoints, inhibitors, and the role of p53. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis; proteins involved in apoptosis (initiators, regulators and effectors); extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis; the role of apoptosis. Module 2 Cell signaling and signal transduction: membrane and intracellular receptors, second messengers cAMP, calcium, NO) effectors and protein kinases; main signal transduction pathways (MAPK, ERK, AKT, STAT, etc.); crosstalk among different signaling pathways; signal transduction in the nucleus (regulation activity of transcription factors); signal transduction and cancer (oncogenes and oncosoppressors). Diseases linked to abnormalities in the systems analyzed and finding of therapeutic targets. Module 3 Blood biochemistry: structure and function of plasma protein. Erythrocytes metabolism. Mechanism of leukocyte extravasation. Platelets and blood coagulation. Liver biochemistry: metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogen compounds. Hormonal regulation of energetic metabolism. Detoxification from xenobiotics. Ethanol metabolism. Kidney biochemistry: kidney metabolism. Excretion and ultrafiltration. Kidney endocrine functions. Biochemistry of contraction: proteins of the cytoskeleton and of contraction systems. Energetic metabolism of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Vascular tissue biochemistry: structural properties of smooth muscle. Vascular tone regulation. Vascular remodeling and generation. Adipose tissue biochemistry: obesity and regulation of body weight. Adipokines. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Bone biochemistry: properties of the bone mineral and organic matrix. Molecular mechanism of bone remodeling. Teeth biochemistry.

Cellule, Lewin et al. Biologia molecolare della cellula, Alberts et. al. Biologia cellulare e molecolare, Karp. Biologia molecolare della cellula, Lodish et al. Biochimica Medica, Siliprandi e Tettamanti, IV Edizione,Piccin. Fondamenti di Biochimica umana, Maccarrone, Zanichelli Selected scientific papers will be assigned during the course.

Module 1 Protein metabolism: regulation of protein synthesis; folding, chaperones, oxidative stress and diseases associated with protein misfolding; unfolding protein response; post-translational modifications; intracellular trafficking; lysosomal and proteasomal degradation (ubiquitin protein system). The cell nucleus: nuclear structure and chromatin organization; regulation of DNA functions, nuclear dynamics, histone and DNA modifications; non-coding RNAs and RNA interference; DNA damage and repair systems. Cell cycle: proteins involved (cyclins, CDK); role of Rb and E2F; control of the cell cycle, checkpoints, inhibitors, and the role of p53. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis; proteins involved in apoptosis (initiators, regulators and effectors); extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis; the role of apoptosis. Module 2 Cell signaling and signal transduction: membrane and intracellular receptors, second messengers cAMP, calcium, NO) effectors and protein kinases; main signal transduction pathways (MAPK, ERK, AKT, STAT, etc.); crosstalk among different signaling pathways; signal transduction in the nucleus (regulation activity of transcription factors); signal transduction and cancer (oncogenes and oncosoppressors). Diseases linked to abnormalities in the systems analyzed and finding of therapeutic targets. Module 3 Blood biochemistry: structure and function of plasma protein. Erythrocytes metabolism. Mechanism of leukocyte extravasation. Platelets and blood coagulation. Liver biochemistry: metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogen compounds. Hormonal regulation of energetic metabolism. Detoxification from xenobiotics. Ethanol metabolism. Kidney biochemistry: kidney metabolism. Excretion and ultrafiltration. Kidney endocrine functions. Biochemistry of contraction: proteins of the cytoskeleton and of contraction systems. Energetic metabolism of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Vascular tissue biochemistry: structural properties of smooth muscle. Vascular tone regulation. Vascular remodeling and generation. Adipose tissue biochemistry: obesity and regulation of body weight. Adipokines. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Bone biochemistry: properties of the bone mineral and organic matrix. Molecular mechanism of bone remodeling. Teeth biochemistry.

In order to understand the content and achieve the learning objectives, knowledge of Biochemistry is essential.

At the end of the course the teacher will evaluate the degree of learning of the subject by the candidate with an interview.

Module 1 Protein metabolism: regulation of protein synthesis; folding, chaperones, oxidative stress and diseases associated with protein misfolding; unfolding protein response; post-translational modifications; intracellular trafficking; lysosomal and proteasomal degradation (ubiquitin protein system). The cell nucleus: nuclear structure and chromatin organization; regulation of DNA functions, nuclear dynamics, histone and DNA modifications; non-coding RNAs and RNA interference; DNA damage and repair systems. Cell cycle: proteins involved (cyclins, CDK); role of Rb and E2F; control of the cell cycle, checkpoints, inhibitors, and the role of p53. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis; proteins involved in apoptosis (initiators, regulators and effectors); extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis; the role of apoptosis. Module 2 Cell signaling and signal transduction: membrane and intracellular receptors, second messengers cAMP, calcium, NO) effectors and protein kinases; main signal transduction pathways (MAPK, ERK, AKT, STAT, etc.); crosstalk among different signaling pathways; signal transduction in the nucleus (regulation activity of transcription factors); signal transduction and cancer (oncogenes and oncosoppressors). Diseases linked to abnormalities in the systems analyzed and finding of therapeutic targets. Module 3 Blood biochemistry: structure and function of plasma protein. Erythrocytes metabolism. Mechanism of leukocyte extravasation. Platelets and blood coagulation. Liver biochemistry: metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogen compounds. Hormonal regulation of energetic metabolism. Detoxification from xenobiotics. Ethanol metabolism. Kidney biochemistry: kidney metabolism. Excretion and ultrafiltration. Kidney endocrine functions. Biochemistry of contraction: proteins of the cytoskeleton and of contraction systems. Energetic metabolism of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Vascular tissue biochemistry: structural properties of smooth muscle. Vascular tone regulation. Vascular remodeling and generation. Adipose tissue biochemistry: obesity and regulation of body weight. Adipokines. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Bone biochemistry: properties of the bone mineral and organic matrix. Molecular mechanism of bone remodeling. Teeth biochemistry.

Module 1 Protein metabolism: regulation of protein synthesis; folding, chaperones, oxidative stress, and diseases associated with protein misfolding; unfolding protein response; post-translational modifications; intracellular trafficking; lysosomal and proteasomal degradation (ubiquitin protein system). The cell nucleus: nuclear structure and chromatin organization; regulation of DNA functions, atomic dynamics, histone, and DNA modifications; non-coding RNAs and RNA interference; DNA damage and repair systems. Cell cycle: proteins involved (cyclins, CDK); the role of Rb and E2F; control of the cell cycle, checkpoints, inhibitors, and the role of p53. Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis; proteins involved in apoptosis (initiators, regulators, and effectors); extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways; the role of apoptosis. Module 2 Cell signaling and signal transduction: membrane and intracellular receptors, second messengers cAMP, calcium, NO) effectors and protein kinases; main signal transduction pathways (MAPK, ERK, AKT, STAT, etc.); crosstalk among different signaling pathways; signal transduction in the nucleus (regulation activity of transcription factors); signal transduction and cancer (oncogenes and oncosoppressors). Diseases linked to abnormalities in the systems analyzed and finding therapeutic targets are. Module 3 Blood biochemistry: structure and function of plasma protein. Erythrocytes metabolism. Mechanism of leukocyte extravasation. Platelets and blood coagulation. Liver biochemistry: metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogen compounds. Hormonal regulation of energetic metabolism. Detoxification from xenobiotics. Ethanol metabolism. Kidney biochemistry: kidney metabolism. Excretion and ultrafiltration. Kidney endocrine functions. Biochemistry of contraction: proteins of the cytoskeleton and contraction systems. Energetic metabolism of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Vascular tissue biochemistry: structural properties of smooth muscle. Vascular tone regulation. Vascular remodeling and generation. Adipose tissue biochemistry: obesity and regulation of body weight. Adipokines. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Bone biochemistry: properties of the bone mineral and organic matrix. Molecular mechanism of bone remodeling. Teeth biochemistry.

To understand the topics and obtain the expected results, we require knowledge of biology and biochemistry taught in the first years of the degree course.

Cellule, Lewin et al. Biologia molecolare della cellula, Alberts et. al. Biologia cellulare e molecolare, Karp. Biologia molecolare della cellula, Lodish et al. Biochimica Medica, Siliprandi e Tettamanti, IV Edizione,Piccin. Fondamenti di Biochimica umana, Maccarrone, Zanichelli

Mandatory

Talk at the end of the course to evaluate the acquired knowledge.

Selected scientific papers will be assigned during the course.

The course is designed in three different modules, 16 hours each.