Technologies for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage

Educational objectives

Basic knowledge of linear algebra (vectors, matrices, vector spaces, linear transformations and solution of linear systems), differential and integral calculus with one variable, first order linear differential equations. Basic knowledge of probability and statistics.

Educational objectives

The teaching of General and Inorganic Chemistry intends to provide the student with the basic knowledge needed to tackle independently and effectively the common problems of Chemistry, in particular in the field of Cultural Heritage. The preparation acquired will also be essential for the following courses of Organic Chemistry and Chemistry for Restoration and Conservation.

Educational objectives

ANIMAL BIOLOGY MODULE
Recognition of the major animal groups up to the level of species.Ability to report damage and structural modifications to the activity of a given organism

A - Knowledge and understanding
The student recognizes the main animal groups at the end of the course

B - Application skills
The student is able to report damage and structural modifications to the activity of the organisms
studied

C - Autonomy of judgment
The student, following the practical exercises, is able to put into practice the concepts learned
during the lessons

D - Communication skills
At the end of the course the student will have acquired the correct biological vocabulary
necessary to relate correctly the acquired knowledge

E - Ability to learn
The distribution of the slides of the lessons, organized schematically, provide a starting point for
an organic study of the subject

VEGETAL BIOLOGY MODULE
Basic knowledge of morphological and functional
characteristics of plants.

Knowledge of types of reproduction and life cycles in the
taxa studied.

Knowledge of phylogenetic relationships among plant taxa,
and evolutionary trends.

Educational objectives

ANIMAL BIOLOGY MODULE
Recognition of the major animal groups up to the level of species.Ability to report damage and structural modifications to the activity of a given organism

A - Knowledge and understanding
The student recognizes the main animal groups at the end of the course

B - Application skills
The student is able to report damage and structural modifications to the activity of the organisms
studied

C - Autonomy of judgment
The student, following the practical exercises, is able to put into practice the concepts learned
during the lessons

D - Communication skills
At the end of the course the student will have acquired the correct biological vocabulary
necessary to relate correctly the acquired knowledge

E - Ability to learn
The distribution of the slides of the lessons, organized schematically, provide a starting point for
an organic study of the subject

Educational objectives

Basic knowledge of morphological and functional characteristics of plants.

Knowledge of types of reproduction and life cycles in the taxa studied.

Knowledge of phylogenetic relationships among plant taxa, and evolutionary trends.

Educational objectives

The course deals with the rules for the organic compound nomenclature assignment; the study of the organic compound chemical-­‐physic features; the study of the principal functional groups, of their chemical properties and of their reactivity. At the end of the course the students should be capable to predict the chemical and physical properties of a given compound and to evaluate its reactivity.

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowledge of the motion’s laws and the forces
OF 2) Knowledge of the nature and properties of kinetic and potential energy other than power and work produced by a force
OF 3) Knowledge of the nature and features of collisons
OF 4) Knowledge of the nature and properties of ideal gas and its thermodynamic processes
OF 5) Understand the relationship between electric charge, electric field and magnetic field
OF 6) Knowledge of the main magnetic phenomena
OF 7) Knowledge of the main optic phenomena
B – Application skills
OF 8) Be able to deduce from the physics nature of forces, the motion and the work applied on each single body
OF 9) Be able to deduce from the properties of the ideal gas, the type of thermodynamic process and the work produced on the system
OF 10) Be able to deduce from the properties of the electric field, the electric potential and potential energy of the studied configuration
OF 11) Be able to deduce from the properties of the magnetic field, all the electric-magnetic characteristics of the system
C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 12) Be able to evaluate the nature of interacting forces on each single body
OF 13) Be able to evaluate the thermodynamic conditions of the system
OF 14) Be able to evaluate every electric-magnetic aspect of the system
OF 15) Be able to suggest the optic techniques to perform a scientific evaluation of the system
D - Communication skills
OF 16) Know how to describe the nature of physical processes to workers without scientific training
OF 17) Know how to communicate physical techniques for an experimental search on the system
E - Ability to learn
OF 18) Have the ability to consult scientific literature and physical methods
OF 19) Have the ability to evaluate technical descriptions for specific instruments

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main rocking-forming minerals
OF 2) Knowing the nature of crystal structure of minerals
OF 3) Understanding the relation between structure and chemistry of minerals
OF 4) Knowing the nature of mineral crystallization phenomena
OF 5) Knowing the nature and chemical-physical properties of minerals
OF 6) Knowing the main strategy for mineral investigation

B - Application skills
OF 7) Being able to identify minerals
OF 8) Being able to deduce from the chemical-physical properties of minerals their use in cultural heritage
OF 9) Being able to deduce the crystal-chemical nature of rock-forming minerals

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 10) Being able to evaluate the mineralogical features of the main rock-forming minerals
OF 11) Being able to suggest the most suitable mineralogical investigation techniques according to the type of geomaterials
OF 12) Being able to evaluate the nature of the mineral species

D - Communication skills
OF 13) Knowing how to communicate to the nature and the mineral effects on the geomaterials costitutive the artwork
OF 14) Knowing how to communicate the mineral properties for the restoration and the characteristics of the applied methodologies

E - Ability to learn
OF 15) Having the ability to consult the literature on minerals and their investigation methods
OF 16) Having the ability to continue the study in the course of life thanks to the tools provided in the course, in particular the use of tables and reference texts for the identification of minerals and the use of scientific investigations at equipped laboratories

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main rocking-forming minerals
OF 2) Knowing the nature of crystal structure of minerals
OF 3) Understanding the relation between structure and chemistry of minerals
OF 4) Knowing the nature of mineral crystallization phenomena
OF 5) Knowing the nature and chemical-physical properties of minerals
OF 6) Knowing the main strategy for mineral investigation

B - Application skills
OF 7) Being able to identify minerals
OF 8) Being able to deduce from the chemical-physical properties of minerals their use in cultural heritage
OF 9) Being able to deduce the crystal-chemical nature of rock-forming minerals

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 10) Being able to evaluate the mineralogical features of the main rock-forming minerals
OF 11) Being able to suggest the most suitable mineralogical investigation techniques according to the type of geomaterials
OF 12) Being able to evaluate the nature of the mineral species

D - Communication skills
OF 13) Knowing how to communicate to the nature and the mineral effects on the geomaterials costitutive the artwork
OF 14) Knowing how to communicate the mineral properties for the restoration and the characteristics of the applied methodologies

E - Ability to learn
OF 15) Having the ability to consult the literature on minerals and their investigation methods
OF 16) Having the ability to continue the study in the course of life thanks to the tools provided in the course, in particular the use of tables and reference texts for the identification of minerals and the use of scientific investigations at equipped laboratories

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main rocking-forming minerals
OF 2) Knowing the nature of crystal structure of minerals
OF 3) Understanding the relation between structure and chemistry of minerals
OF 4) Knowing the nature of mineral crystallization phenomena
OF 5) Knowing the nature and chemical-physical properties of minerals
OF 6) Knowing the main strategy for mineral investigation

B - Application skills
OF 7) Being able to identify minerals
OF 8) Being able to deduce from the chemical-physical properties of minerals their use in cultural heritage
OF 9) Being able to deduce the crystal-chemical nature of rock-forming minerals

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 10) Being able to evaluate the mineralogical features of the main rock-forming minerals
OF 11) Being able to suggest the most suitable mineralogical investigation techniques according to the type of geomaterials
OF 12) Being able to evaluate the nature of the mineral species

D - Communication skills
OF 13) Knowing how to communicate to the nature and the mineral effects on the geomaterials costitutive the artwork
OF 14) Knowing how to communicate the mineral properties for the restoration and the characteristics of the applied methodologies

E - Ability to learn
OF 15) Having the ability to consult the literature on minerals and their investigation methods
OF 16) Having the ability to continue the study in the course of life thanks to the tools provided in the course, in particular the use of tables and reference texts for the identification of minerals and the use of scientific investigations at equipped laboratories

Educational objectives

Essential purposes are to guide to understanding of the principal literary sources on artistic techniques and to develop both the ability to recognize the materials and the capacity to reconstruct and to interpret the manual processes of elaborating in the several branches of artistic practice.

Educational objectives

Essential purposes are to guide to understanding of the principal literary sources on artistic techniques and to develop both the ability to recognize the materials and the capacity to reconstruct and to interpret the manual processes of elaborating in the several branches of artistic practice.

Educational objectives

To acquire the basic knowledge of the main technological and chemical-physical aspects of the production and processing of ceramic, metallic and vitreous materials used in ancient times for the manufacturing of art works. To acquire the knnowledge in terms of composition and structure of the materic nature of art works.To acquire and to use this knowledge and capability to investigate the compositional and structural features of works of art and to describe their production and processing technological aspects.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed at giving students the basic principles necessary for the preparation and execution of a chemical analysis through numerical and laboratory exercises.
At the end of the course students will be able to:

- Choose the analytical technique and the most appropriate method for a given chemical analysis.

- Interpret the results obtained

- Perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis with the statistical treatment of the results.

Educational objectives

Lessons mainly in the classroom and in part in the laboratory have the aim of providing students with the conceptual means by which they can evaluate and apply in practice the acquired knowledge about the materials used for the cultural heritage, the possible degradation factors, the methods and systems used in restoration and conservation actions.

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main stone materials used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 2) Knowing the main ancient marbles used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 3) Knowing ceramics, bricks, mortars and tuffs used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 4) Knowing the alteration processes that affect stone materials
B - Application skills
OF 5) Being able to recognize and classify stone materials
OF 6) Being able to performe petrographic analyses
OF 7) Being able to define a possible use of the materials highlighting the possible critical issues

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 8) Being able to evaluate the nature of the alteration processes of materials
OF 9) Being able to suggest the most suitable instrumental investigation techniques according to the type of material

D - Communication skills
OF 9) Knowing how to communicate the nature and effects of alteration processes of stone materials
OF 9) Knowing how to communicate to subjects without scientific backgroud the alteration process of stone materials used in the field of cultural heritage

E - Ability to learn
OF 10) Having the ability to consult literature date on materials and methods

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing petrography, its scopes and methods of investigation
OF 2) Knowing the origin, chemical and mineralogical composition of natural rocks
OF 3) Knowing the main geological processes leading to the formation of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
OF 4) Knowing the main descriptive and classification schemes for natural rocks
OF 5) Understanding the relation between rock and its physical properties
OF 6) Knowing the main phenomena of chemical and mechanical alteration of rock in nature and their use as geomaterial for the Cultural Heritage

B - Application skills

OF 7) Being able to infer the main geological processes of rock formation and alteration
OF 8) Being able to infer the possible application of rocks for the Cultural Heritage from the physical and chemical properties of different rocks
OF 9) Being able to identify a rock type on the basis of its chemical and physical composition

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 10) Being able to identify the causes of origin and alteration of rocks
OF 11) Being able to identify the appropriate analytical techniques to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of rocks
OF 12) Being able to read the chemical and mineralogical processed data from the analyses of rocks
OF 10) Being able to identify the nature of formation and alteration of rocks

D - Communication skills
OF 13) Being able to communicate origin, evolution and alteration processes of natural rocks
OF 14) Being able to communicate properties of Geomaterials used for Cultural Heritage and the overview of the applied analytical techniques

E - Ability to learn
OF 15) Being able to refer to the literature on rocks type, invetigation techniques and classification
OF 16) Being able to locate quarries of specific rocks, and identify lithotypes analogous to the geomaterials used in Cultural Heritage

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main constituent materials of artworks
OF 2) Knowing the nature, the chemical properties and the periods of use of the main pigments
OF 3) Knowing the nature and chemical properties of natural film-forming materials
OF 4) Knowing the nature and chemical properties of synthetic materials for artistic use
OF 5) Understanding the relationship between structure and polarity of organic solvents
OF 6) Knowing the main phenomena of chemical degradation of the various artistic materials

B - Application skills
OF 7) Being able to deduce from the chemical nature of the constitutive materials the main degradation processes of an artefact
OF 8) Being able to deduce from the chemical properties of the various natural and synthetic substances their use in the artistic field
OF 9) Being able to design a solvent mixture for a cleaning operation

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 10) Being able to evaluate the nature of the degradation processes of artistic materials
OF 11) Being able to suggest the most suitable instrumental investigation techniques according to the type of material and its state of conservation
OF 12) Being able to evaluate the coherence of materials and methods of intervention with the requirements of modern restoration

D - Communication skills
OF 13) Knowing how to communicate to the restoration workers without scientific training, the nature and effects of the degradation processes on the constitutive materials
OF 14) Knowing how to communicate to the restoration workers without scientific training, the properties of the restoration materials and the characteristics of the applied methodologies

E - Ability to learn
OF 15) Having the ability to consult literature on materials and methods of restoration and conservation
OF 16) Have the ability to evaluate technical data sheets and prospectuses of new materials proposed on the market

Educational objectives

The course is addressed to students for acquiring the basic principles of geochemical methods used for the characterization of materials of interest in the Cultural Heritage field. As a whole, students will be familiar with the basic learning of the absolute dating of finds, the reconstruction of ancient production technologies and the definition of provenance areas of raw materials of the finds, a basic tool for a better safeguard and appreciation of the Cultural Heritage.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of elements of atomic and condensed matter physics. Knowledge of some diagnostic techniques for Cultural Heritage, of their physical principles and their application to real cases.
Capability of choosing among the techniques presented during the course the most suitable one, basing on the material to be studied and the information to be obtained.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of elements of atomic and condensed matter physics. Knowledge of some diagnostic techniques for Cultural Heritage, of their physical principles and their application to real cases.
Capability of choosing among the techniques presented during the course the most suitable one, basing on the material to be studied and the information to be obtained.

Educational objectives

Knowledge of elements of atomic and condensed matter physics. Knowledge of some diagnostic techniques for Cultural Heritage, of their physical principles and their application to real cases.
Capability of choosing among the techniques presented during the course the most suitable one, basing on the material to be studied and the information to be obtained

Educational objectives

The module is dedicated to illustrate what are fungi, why they can be the agents of deterioration of cultural heritage and what are the strategies to prevent or cure their negative action. In addition, the course includes an introduction to molecular biology and in particular to DNA and PCR in the context of a broader reference to the strategies currently used for the recognition of these biological deterioration fungal species..
Specific skills
A) Knowledge and understanding
- Fungi
- Fungi and biodeterioration of the cultural heritage
- Strategies for prevention and treatment of fungal spoilage
- 4. isolation strategies and recognition of spoilage fungi
- 5. DNA and PCR
- 6. DNA barcoding and molecular taxonomy
B) Applying knowledge and understanding
- how using specific terminology
- Identify the main factors due to the bio-deterioration of cultural heritage
- Identify the important activities for fungal bio-deterioration
- Outline strategies for controlling the deteriorating fungi of cultural heritage
- Recognize the deterioration fungi of cultural heritage through classical and molecular techniques
C) Making judgements
- Identification of new perspectives / development strategies for the protection of cultural heritage
- Evaluation, interpretation and reprocessing of literature data in the field of bio-deterioration of cultural heritage
D) Communication skills
- Ability to illustrate the results of research and experimentation carried out in the context of the exercises
- Ability to understand manuscripts in English and to indicate the salient features of the oral exam
E) Learning skills
- Learn the specific terminology of microbiologists
- Logically connect the acquired knowledge in the field of bio-deterioration of cultural heritage
- Identify the most relevant topics of the subjects dealt with
- how consulting specialist databases (e.g. ncbi)

Educational objectives

The module is dedicated to illustrate what are fungi, why they can be the agents of deterioration of cultural heritage and what are the strategies to prevent or cure their negative action. In addition, the course includes an introduction to molecular biology and in particular to DNA and PCR in the context of a broader reference to the strategies currently used for the recognition of these biological deterioration fungal species..
Specific skills
A) Knowledge and understanding
- Fungi
- Fungi and biodeterioration of the cultural heritage
- Strategies for prevention and treatment of fungal spoilage
- 4. isolation strategies and recognition of spoilage fungi
- 5. DNA and PCR
- 6. DNA barcoding and molecular taxonomy
B) Applying knowledge and understanding
- how using specific terminology
- Identify the main factors due to the bio-deterioration of cultural heritage
- Identify the important activities for fungal bio-deterioration
- Outline strategies for controlling the deteriorating fungi of cultural heritage
- Recognize the deterioration fungi of cultural heritage through classical and molecular techniques
C) Making judgements
- Identification of new perspectives / development strategies for the protection of cultural heritage
- Evaluation, interpretation and reprocessing of literature data in the field of bio-deterioration of cultural heritage
D) Communication skills
- Ability to illustrate the results of research and experimentation carried out in the context of the exercises
- Ability to understand manuscripts in English and to indicate the salient features of the oral exam
E) Learning skills
- Learn the specific terminology of microbiologists
- Logically connect the acquired knowledge in the field of bio-deterioration of cultural heritage
- Identify the most relevant topics of the subjects dealt with
- how consulting specialist databases (e.g. ncbi)

Educational objectives

Acquisition of basic notions for recovery and analyses of plant macro- and microremains in archaeological excavations.
Acquisition of capability to distinguish between the main types of plant macrofossils at a macroscopic level.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed at giving students the basic principles necessary for the preparation and execution of a chemical analysis through numerical and laboratory exercises.
At the end of the course students will be able to:

- Choose the analytical technique and the most appropriate method for a given chemical analysis.

- Interpret the results obtained

- Perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis with the statistical treatment of the results.

Educational objectives

The course is aimed at giving students the basic principles necessary for the preparation and execution of a chemical analysis through numerical and laboratory exercises.
At the end of the course students will be able to:

- Choose the analytical technique and the most appropriate method for a given chemical analysis.

- Interpret the results obtained

- Perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis with the statistical treatment of the results.

Educational objectives

Animal biology module analytical Knowledge of materials of biological origin.
The integration of basic notions and experimental procedures relative to the structure, physiology of microorganisms and cultural methodologies of prokaryotic cell cultures.

Educational objectives

The integration of basic notions and experimental procedures relative to the structure, physiology of microorganisms and cultural methodologies of prokaryotic cell cultures.

Educational objectives

Analytical knowledge of materials of biological origin

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main stone materials used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 2) Knowing the main ancient marbles used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 3) Knowing ceramics, bricks, mortars and tuffs used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 4) Knowing the alteration processes that affect stone materials
B - Application skills
OF 5) Being able to recognize and classify stone materials
OF 6) Being able to performe petrographic analyses
OF 7) Being able to define a possible use of the materials highlighting the possible critical issues

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 8) Being able to evaluate the nature of the alteration processes of materials
OF 9) Being able to suggest the most suitable instrumental investigation techniques according to the type of material

D - Communication skills
OF 9) Knowing how to communicate the nature and effects of alteration processes of stone materials
OF 9) Knowing how to communicate to subjects without scientific backgroud the alteration process of stone materials used in the field of cultural heritage

E - Ability to learn
OF 10) Having the ability to consult literature date on materials and methods

Educational objectives

A - Knowledge and understanding
OF 1) Knowing the main stone materials used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 2) Knowing the main ancient marbles used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 3) Knowing ceramics, bricks, mortars and tuffs used in the field of Cultural Heritage
OF 4) Knowing the alteration processes that affect stone materials
B - Application skills
OF 5) Being able to recognize and classify stone materials
OF 6) Being able to performe petrographic analyses
OF 7) Being able to define a possible use of the materials highlighting the possible critical issues

C - Autonomy of judgment
OF 8) Being able to evaluate the nature of the alteration processes of materials
OF 9) Being able to suggest the most suitable instrumental investigation techniques according to the type of material

D - Communication skills
OF 9) Knowing how to communicate the nature and effects of alteration processes of stone materials
OF 9) Knowing how to communicate to subjects without scientific backgroud the alteration process of stone materials used in the field of cultural heritage

E - Ability to learn
OF 10) Having the ability to consult literature date on materials and methods

Educational objectives

The course provide the students with the theoretical basis and practical knowledge to:
- implement relational algebra interrogations
- implement SQL queries for an Access relational database
- design and implement simple Python programs

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide a knowledge of the basic principles of environmental biology, highlighting the interactions and interdependence occurring among the components of biological and ecological systems. The aim of the course is to identify the elements useful for the conservation and sustainable use of cultural and environmental heritage.

Educational objectives

The course intends to introduce students to the feasibility of applying atmospheric sciences to the conservation of art works. Students will learn fundamental principles of physics which should allow them to describe microphysical phenomena. They will, in addition, acquire the skills to diagnose causes responsible for damage related to inadequate microclimatic conditions.

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge of theories, models and tools in the area of cultural economics, with particular attention to Italy. The skills acquired will allow the student to understand relevant economic issues related to cultural goods and services, with a public economics approach

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge of theories, models and tools in the area of cultural economics, with particular attention to Italy. The skills acquired will allow the student to understand relevant economic issues related to cultural goods and services, with a public economics approach

Educational objectives

The course aims to provide knowledge of theories, models and tools in the area of cultural economics, with particular attention to Italy. The skills acquired will allow the student to understand relevant economic issues related to cultural goods and services, with a public economics approach

Educational objectives

Students acquire direct knowledge on discipline regulations within the national territory and the European Union on the protection, conservation and enhancement of cultural and landscape heritage, in particular as regards both publicly owned assets that privately owned assets; internal and international circulation of cultural goods, the discipline of exhibitions and exhibits, concessions of archaeological research, the sanctions regime concerning the violation of the legislation of protecting both the falsification of cultural heritage.

Educational objectives

The history, the various functions and the organization of the museums are presented and discussed, with particular reference to the scientific and naturalistic museology, not neglecting the archaeology and the art museums, such as the so-called "science centers" and temporary exhibitions. The skills to be trained refer to the significance and management of museums.

The student will acquire knowledge on the history, the different functions and the organization of various kinds of museums, as to understand the meaning of the different structures and activities, as well as their management methods in terms of both museology and museography.

Through guided visits to a variety of museums, the student will come to understand their different functions, structures and activities, concluding that beyond the communicative aspect, there are knowledge and practices that precede and predispose the exhibition function.

Through the preparation of one or more exhibits, in the context of a teamwork, the student will develop critical skills of judgment and application of the acquired knowledge, confronting her/himself with the preparation of a themed exhibition.

The student will acquire communication skills, as he will be individually invited to present in the classroom the results of the preparation for the museum set up of one or more exhibits, developed in the context of a teamwork.

The student will acquire the proper language of museology and museography, also based on first-hand experience, being able to deal autonomously with the pertinent literature.

Educational objectives

The history, the various functions and the organization of the museums are presented and discussed, with particular reference to the scientific and naturalistic museology, not neglecting the archaeology and the art museums, such as the so-called "science centers" and temporary exhibitions. The skills to be trained refer to the significance and management of museums.

The student will acquire knowledge on the history, the different functions and the organization of various kinds of museums, as to understand the meaning of the different structures and activities, as well as their management methods in terms of both museology and museography.

Through guided visits to a variety of museums, the student will come to understand their different functions, structures and activities, concluding that beyond the communicative aspect, there are knowledge and practices that precede and predispose the exhibition function.

Through the preparation of one or more exhibits, in the context of a teamwork, the student will develop critical skills of judgment and application of the acquired knowledge, confronting her/himself with the preparation of a themed exhibition.

The student will acquire communication skills, as he will be individually invited to present in the classroom the results of the preparation for the museum set up of one or more exhibits, developed in the context of a teamwork.

The student will acquire the proper language of museology and museography, also based on first-hand experience, being able to deal autonomously with the pertinent literature.

Outlines critical evaluation. Capacity restoration history.

Educational objectives

Outline restoration history, critical evaluation skills

Educational objectives

Students may study topics of specific interest in order to acquire greater skills in their field of study. The 12 CFUs of optional courses must be included in the study plan. Students can choose among all the courses on offer at La Sapienza, provided that the selected courses are consistent with the objectives of their main degree course.

Educational objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
‐ Understanding of written, oral and digital text (level B1-CEF) concerning familiar and disciplinary fields.
‐ Understanding lexical and syntactical elements of the foreign language.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
‐ Produce written and oral texts (level B1-CEF) related to familiar fields
3. Making judgements
‐ Understanding the message of written, oral and multimodal texts.
4. Communication
‐ Describe and comment on the content of texts with accuracy and appropriacy in a foreign language (level B1); (the plot of a film or a book)
5. Lifelong learning skills
‐ Develop knowledge acquired through autonomous and self-directed learning; ‐

Educational objectives

The stage/thesis activity consists in the development of a personal project, under the quidance and guard of a faculty member.
The work will help developng skills related to self-organization, capability to work under guidance and in group, and capability to put in practice what has been learnt during the study course or during the initial period of work in for the stage/thesis.

Educational objectives

The final exam for graduation involves the submission of a report (Final Report) to the Commission, which will award the final degree score.
The content of the document may regard, remaining nonetheless bound to a work / commitment corresponding to 6 CFU, the following aspects: 1) a report with data processing on activities carried out during the internship; 2) a survey / intervention project in the professional field. The work of preparation of the final project will be carried out by the students independently, on the basis of the concepts learned in the courses and during the internship. Candidates must therefore be able, to independently find the bibliographic material and to prepare the final report, following the structure agreed with the supervisor, who will be available for clarifications and supporting indications. Once completed, no later than on the scheduled date for the delivery, the final elaborate will be evaluated independently by the Relator and the Counter-relator.